Iinkqubo zeGranulating
Iinkqubo ze-granulating ezikwabizwa ngokuba "zidutyulo", ziyilwe kwaye zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa iibhululi zegranulating, i-sheet, i-strips yesinyithi okanye isinyithi esilahliweyo kwiinkozo ezifanelekileyo. Iitanki ze-granulating zilula kakhulu ukususa ukucima. Umqheba wokutsalela ngaphandle ukwenzela ukususwa lula kofakelo lwetanki. Izixhobo ezikhethiweyo zomshini wokuphosa uxinzelelo lwe-vacuum okanye umatshini oqhubekayo wokuphosa kunye netanki ye-granulating isisombululo se-granulating ngamaxesha athile. Amatanki egranulating ayafumaneka kubo bonke oomatshini kuthotho lweVPC. Iinkqubo zodidi oluqhelekileyo lwegranulating zinetanki enamavili amane ahamba ngokulula ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Yintoni igranulation yesinyithi?
Igranulation (isuka kwisiLatini: igranum = “inkozo”) bubuchule bomkhandi wegolide apho umphezulu welitye elinqabileyo uhonjiswe ngeengqukuva ezincinci zentsimbi exabisekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba ziigranules, ngokwepateni yoyilo. Izinto zakudala zakudala ezifunyenwe ngamatye anqabileyo ezenziwe ngobu buchule zifunyenwe kumangcwaba asebukhosini aseUre, eMesopotamiya kwaye zibuyele kwi-2500 BC Ukusuka kule ndawo, ubuchule busasazeka kwi-Anatolia, eSiriya, ukuya eTroy (2100 BC) kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya e-Etruria. (ngenkulungwane yesi-8 BC). Yayikukunyamalala kancinci kancinci kwenkcubeko yamaEtruria phakathi kwenkulungwane yesithathu neyesibini ngaphambi kweXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo okwabangela ukuncipha kwegranulation.1 AmaGrike amandulo nawo ayesebenzisa umsebenzi wokugranulation, kodwa yayiziingcweti zase-Etruria ezathi zaduma ngobu buchule ngenxa yolu buchule. ukuthunyelwa kwabo okungaqondakaliyo kwe-powder granulation2 ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-solder enzima.
I-granulation mhlawumbi yeyona nto ingaqondakaliyo kwaye inomdla kwiindlela zakudala zokuhombisa. Yaziswa ngamagcisa uFenici noGreci ukuya e-Etruria ngenkulungwane yesi-8 BC, apho ulwazi lwesinyithi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo sele sikwinqanaba eliphezulu, iingcali zegolide zase-Etruscan zenza obu buchule babo bokudala imisebenzi yobugcisa obuntsonkothileyo kunye nobuhle obungalinganiyo.
Ngexesha lesiqingatha sokuqala se-1800's ukugrumba okuninzi kwenziwa kwindawo yaseRoma (Cerveteri, Toscanella kunye neVulci) kunye ne-Southern Russia (i-Kertch ne-Taman peninsulas) eyatyhila ubucwebe bamandulo be-Etruscan kunye ne-Greek. La matye anqabileyo ayehonjiswe ngegranulation. Ubucwebe beza kwingqalelo yeNtsapho yaseCastellani yamatye anqabileyo ababebandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando lobucwebe bamandulo. Izinto ezifunyenwe kwiindawo zokungcwaba zase-Etruscan zatsala ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweegranules ezintle kakhulu. U-Alessandro Castellani wafunda ezi zixhobo zobugcisa ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu ukuze azame ukutyhila indlela yazo yokwenza izinto. Kwakungekho kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, emva kokufa kukaCastellani, apho iphazili ye-colloidal/eutectic soldering yade yasonjululwa.
Nangona imfihlelo yahlala iyimfihlelo kumaCastellanis kunye nabantu ababephila ngexesha labo, ubucwebe obusandul' ukufunyanwa base-Etruscan bavuselela ubucwebe bezacholo zakudala malunga ne-1850's. Ubuchule bokwenza iGoldsmithing bufunyenwe obuvumela uCastellani nabanye ukuba baphinde bavelise kwakhona obunye ubucwebe bamandulo obugqwesileyo kwezakha zembiwa. Uninzi lwezi ndlela zobuchule zazahluke kakhulu kwezo ziqeshwe yi-Etruscans kodwa zivelise iziphumo ezifikelelekayo. Uninzi lwezi zinto zobucwebe bezacholo ze-Archaeological Revival ngoku zikwiingqokelela ezibalulekileyo zobucwebe emhlabeni jikelele, kunye nabalingane babo bamandulo.
IZIBONELELO
Iigranules zenziwe kwi-alloy efanayo kunye nesinyithi apho ziya kusetyenziswa khona. Enye indlela iqala ngokuqengqa ishiti elicekethekileyo lesinyithi kunye nokusika imiphetho emxinwa kakhulu ecaleni komphetho. Umphetho unqunyulwe kwaye umphumo zininzi izikwere ezincinci okanye iiplatelet zetsimbi. Obunye ubuchule bokudala iinkozo busebenzisa ucingo olubhityileyo olubhityileyo olujikeleze i-mandrel ebhityileyo, njengenaliti. Ikhoyili ke isikwa ibe ngamakhonkco amancinci okutsiba. Oku kudala amakhonkco alinganayo kakhulu akhokelela kwiigranules ezinobungakanani obulinganayo. Injongo kukudala iingqukuva ezininzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo ezinobubanzi obungekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 mm.
Iiplatelet zentsimbi okanye amakhonkco okutsiba aqatywe ngomgubo wamalahle ukuze athintele ukuba angabambeleli kunye ngexesha lokudubula. Umzantsi we-crucible ugqunywe ngumaleko wamalahle kunye neentsimbi zetsimbi zifafazwe ukuze zilinganiswe ngokulinganayo. Oku kulandelwa ngumaleko omtsha we-charcoal powder kunye nezinye iziqwenga zetsimbi kude kube yi-crucible malunga neekota ezintathu. I-crucible igxothwa kwi-oven okanye kwi-oven, kwaye iziqwenga zetsimbi ezixabisekileyo zijika zibe ngamacandelo amancinci kwiqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo kwi-alloy yabo. Ezi ngqukuva zisandul' ukudalwa zishiywe zipholile. Kamva zihlanjululwa emanzini okanye, ukuba i-soldering technique iya kusetyenziswa, ifakwe kwi-asidi.
Iigranule zobukhulu obungalinganiyo azinakuvelisa uyilo olukholisayo. Ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ukuba umkhandi wegolide enze iisphere ezihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo zobukhulu obufanayo, iigranules kufuneka zihlelwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Uluhlu lweesefu zisetyenziselwa ukuhlenga iigranules.
Uyenza njani igolide?
Ngaba inkqubo yokwenza igolide ukudutyulwa nje ukugalela igolide enyibilikisiweyo kancinci emanzini emva kokuba uyifudumeze? Okanye uzenza zonke ngaxeshanye? Yintoni injongo yokwenza igolide shot endaweni ingots ect.
Ukudutyulwa kwegolide akwenziwa ngokugalelwa kumlebe wesitya. Kufuneka ikhutshwe ngombhobho. Unokwenza elula ngokugrumba umngxuma omncinci (1/8") ezantsi kwesitya esinyibilikayo, esiya kuthi ke sibekwe phezu kwesikhongozeli sakho samanzi, netotshi idlala esityeni, ijikeleze umngxuma. igolide ekukhenkceni kwisitya xa idluliswa kwisitya sokunyibilika apho umgubo wegolide unyibilika ngenxa yezizathu ezihlala zinzima ukuba ndiziqonde, ezifotayo, endaweni yee-cornflakes.
I-shot ikhethwa ngabo basebenzisa igolide, kuba yenza ukulinganisa inani elifunekayo libe lula. Abakhandi begolide abalumkileyo abayinyibiliki igolide eninzi ngexesha elinye, kungenjalo kunokukhokelela ekufakweni okuneziphene (ukufakwa kwegesi).
Ngokunyibilikisa kuphela isixa esifunekayo, isixa esincinci esishiyekileyo (i-sprue) sinokunyibilikiswa kunye nebhetshi elandelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide ephinde yanyibilikiswa ayiqokeleli.
Ingxaki yokunyibilika kwegolide amaxesha ngamaxesha kukuba isiseko sesinyithi (esiqhele ubhedu, kodwa singathintelwanga kubhedu) sikhupha i-oxidize kwaye siqalise ukudala igesi eqokelelana kwiipokotho ezincinci kwi-castings. Uninzi lwazo zonke izacholo ezisakhayo ziye zafumana la mava, kwaye zihlala ziphendula ukuba kutheni zingafuni, okanye zingakhethi ukusebenzisa igolide ebikhe yasetyenziswa ngaphambili.