Iindaba

Kwishishini lesinyithi esixabisekileyo elikhuphisana kakhulu, ubugcisa bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha bube ngundoqo wokuphumelela kwamashishini.Oomatshini bokuphosa abaqhubekayoziye kancinci kancinci zaba “ziintandokazi” kwiinkampani ezininzi zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezikhethekileyo. Le teknoloji yokuqhubeka nokufaka ulwelo lwesinyithi olushushu kakhulu kwiinkcukacha ezithile ze-castings izisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kumashishini ukusuka ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso ukuya kumgangatho wemveliso. Okulandelayo, siza kuhlola nzulu izizathu zokuba kutheni ithandwa kakhulu.

1. Imveliso esebenzayo, ukusebenzisa amathuba emarike

(1) Imveliso eqhubekayo inciphisa kakhulu ixesha lomjikelo

Umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo uphule indlela yemveli yokuvelisa i-mold ngexesha elithile yenkqubo yokuphosa i-mold kwaye ufezekise ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwi-castings. Ukuphosa kwendabuko kubandakanya uthotho lweenkqubo ezidinisayo ezifana nokucoca i-mold, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili, ukuphosa, kunye nokususa emva kokugqiba i-furnace nganye yokuphosa, okungathathi nje ixesha elide kodwa kushiya izixhobo zingasebenzi ixesha elide.

Kwaye umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo unokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuthatha ishishini lokuvelisa igolide elaziwayo njengomzekelo, emva kokwazisa umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo, umjikelo walo wokuvelisa i-billet wancitshiswa ukusuka kwiiyure ezisi-8 ngebhetshi nganye ukuya kwiiyure ezi-3, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwandiswe ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-1.5. Le ndlela yokuvelisa esebenza kakuhle ivumela amashishini ukuba aphendule kwimfuno yemarike ngokukhawuleza kwaye akhokele ekunyuseni iimveliso kwimarike kwimarike enokuguquguquka rhoqo kwamaxabiso esinyithi axabisekileyo, ngaloo ndlela efumana ithuba lokukhuphisana.

(2) Imveliso ephezulu yesinyithi inciphisa iindleko

Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zibiza kakhulu, kwaye nepesenti encinci yokulahleka inokubangela ukunyuka okukhulu kweendleko. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo, intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo yenziwa ngokuthe ngqo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwesinyithi okubangelwa yintsalela yokuphosa, ukusika i-riser, njl.

Idatha ibonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa noomatshini bokubumba abaqhelekileyo, isivuno sesinyithi soomatshini bokubumba abaqhubekayo sinokunyuswa nge-12% -15%. Ukuthatha imveliso yeplatinum njengomzekelo, ishishini elivelisa iitoni ezi-5 zeplatinum ngonyaka linokuvelisa malunga neekhilogram ezingama-600-750 zeplatinum ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa oomatshini bokubumba abaqhubekayo. Ukubalwa ngokwexabiso lemarike leplatinum, inokunyusa ingeniso ngezigidi okanye amashumi ezigidi zeeyuan ngonyaka, inciphise ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zemveliso yeemveliso zeyunithi kwaye iphucule umda wenzuzo yeshishini.

2. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso

(1) Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo yokuqinisa

Umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo ufikelela kulawulo oluchanekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqinisa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter ezifana nesantya sokupholisa se-crystallizer, isantya sokukhupha, kunye nokusasazwa kwamanzi kwindawo yokupholisa yesibini. Ukuthatha umzekelo wemveliso yesilivere, xa isantya sokupholisa se-crystallizer silungiswa ukuze sikhawulezise, ​​ubungakanani bengqolowa ye-silver casting buba bucolekile kwaye bufane ngakumbi. Emva kovavanyo, amandla ayo anyuswa malunga ne-20% kwaye ukuqina kwayo kuphuculwe nge-15%, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kokucubungula okulandelayo.

Olu buchule bokulawula oluchanekileyo lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi abahlukeneyo ukuze imveliso isebenze kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza iimveliso zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo eziveliswa ngamashishini zikwazi ukukhuphisana ngakumbi ngomgangatho.

(2) Nciphisa iziphene zangaphakathi kwaye uphucule izinga lemveliso

Kwinkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo, i-billet yenziwa phantsi kweemeko zokuqina ezizinzileyo, kwaye inkqubo yokuzoba iphantsi kwamandla afanayo, iphephe ngempumelelo imifantu yangaphakathi, ukukhululeka kunye nezinye iziphene ezibangelwa yimikhosi yangaphandle enzima kwi-mold casting yendabuko.

Ishishini elithile leplatinum group metal processing lakha lenza uvavanyo lokuthelekisa, laza lafumanisa ukuba xa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yemveli yokubumba i-mold, izinga langaphakathi lokonakala kwe-casting billet laliphezulu njenge-8%, kodwa emva kokutshintshela kwimveliso yoomatshini bokubumba ngokuqhubekayo, izinga lokonakala lehle laya ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Ii-castings ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zibeke isiseko esiqinileyo sokucutshungulwa okulandelayo, zonyusa isivuno semveliso ukusuka kwi-85% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-95%, ziqinisekisa ngakumbi iingenelo zoqoqosho zeshishini.

3. Ukuziqhelanisa okuguquguqukayo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo

(1) Ukuveliswa kweemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo

Ukuguquguquka okunamandla koomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo kubonakala kubuchule babo bokuphosa iibhilethi zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Nokuba zii-castings eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezileyo, ezisikwere, okanye ezimile okwepleyiti, okanye ii-castings ezimile okwekhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo, zonke zinokufezekiswa ngokulula.

Kwishishini lobucwebe, amashishini anokuvelisa iibhilethi zentambo ezijikelezayo ezinobubanzi obahlukeneyo ngokulungelelanisa i-crystallizer yomatshini wokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo ngokweemfuno zoyilo; Kwicandelo leshishini le-elektroniki, kunokwenzeka ukuphosa amaphepha esinyithi axabisekileyo anobukhulu obuthile kunye nobubanzi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomyalelo ezenzelwe wena zamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nabathengi, ukunceda amashishini andise ububanzi bawo beshishini.

(2) Isebenza kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezixabisekileyo

Itekhnoloji yokusika ngokuqhubekekayo inokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide, isilivere, iplatinum, ipalladium, njl. Iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali zeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezixabisekileyo zahlukile kakhulu, umzekelo, iplatinum inendawo yokunyibilika efikelela kwi-1772 ℃, ngelixa isilivere inendawo yokunyibilika engama-961.78 ℃ kuphela, kwaye ukuhamba kwazo kwahlukile.

Umatshini wokuphosa oqhubekayo uphucula iiparameter zenkqubo, ezinje ngokunyusa amandla okupholisa kunye nesantya sokuphosa se-crystallizer yeplatinum, ukulungisa izinto ze-crystallizer kunye nonyango lomphezulu wesilivere, ukuze izixhobo ezifanayo zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuveliswa kweentsimbi ezininzi ezixabisekileyo. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kodwa kukwathintela utyalo-mali olukhulu lwamashishini ekuthengeni iiseti ezininzi zezixhobo zokwenza iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezixabisekileyo, okunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

4. Ubuchule bobuchwepheshe buqhuba uphuhliso oluzinzileyo

(1) Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nobukrelekrele kunika amandla imveliso

Inkqubo yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele exhotyiswe kwiimashini zanamhlanje zokuphosa eziqhubekayo iye yaba "yingqondo ekrelekrele" yenkqubo yemveliso. Iisensa ezahlukeneyo zijonga iiparameter eziphambili ezifana nobushushu bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, ukuphakama kwenqanaba lolwelo, kunye nesantya sokutsala i-billet ngexesha langempela, kwaye zithumela idatha ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yolawulo.

Inkqubo ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter zokusebenza kwezixhobo ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nee-algorithms ukuqinisekisa iinkqubo zemveliso ezizinzileyo nezichanekileyo. Kwisityalo esithile semveliso yegolide, ukungeniswa kweenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele kuphucule uzinzo lomgangatho wemveliso nge-30% kwaye kunciphise iingozi zemveliso ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zokusebenza kwabantu nge-80%. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo inokubonelela ngokuxilongwa kweempazamo ngexesha langempela kunye nesilumkiso sezixhobo, ilungiselele ukugcinwa kwangaphambili, yandise ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokugcinwa.

(2) Iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zizisa amathuba amatsha

Abaphandi bahlala behlola kwaye bephuhlisa iinkqubo ezintsha zokubumba eziqhubekayo kunye nezixhobo, befaka amandla amatsha kwimveliso yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokubumba eqhubekekayo yeslab encinci kwenza ukuveliswa kweeshiti zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo kube nempumelelo ngakumbi kwaye konge amandla.

Imveliso yendabuko yeepleyiti ezincinci ifuna iinkqubo ezininzi zokuqengqeleka, ngelixa ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo kwe-thin slab kunokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqengqeleka okuncinci, kunciphisa ukuqengqeleka kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso nge-15% -20%. Izixhobo ezintsha ezifana noomatshini bokuqengqeleka abajikelezayo nabo bahlala bephuhliswa kwaye bephucuka, bebonelela iinkampani zesinyithi esixabisekileyo ngokukhetha ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe kwaye beqhuba ishishini ukuya kuphuhliso oluphezulu.