Izisombululo

Iindlela ezazisetyenziswa ukwenza iingqekembe ziye zatshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Iingqekembe zaqala ukwenziwa kubukumkani bamandulo baseLydia kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamawaka amabini eyadlulayo. Inkqubo yokwenza iingqekembe zamandulo yayilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, kwakubekwa iqhekeza elincinci legolide, isilivere, okanye ubhedu kwidayi yengqekembe efakwe kumphezulu oqinileyo njengelitye. Umsebenzi wayeza kuthatha idayisi yesibini, ayibeke phezulu, aze ayibethe ngesando esikhulu.

Ii-mints zamandulo zazisebenzisa iidiski zesinyithi ezijikelezileyo ezenziwe kwangaphambili kunye ne-screw press ukwenza iingqekembe. Nangona le yayiyinkqubo eyenziwa ngesandla, yayilula kwaye ivelise umgangatho ohambelanayo kunenkqubo yakudala yokwenza.

Iingqekembe zanamhlanje zenziwa ngoomatshini bokucinezela be-hydraulic abafaka ngokuzenzekelayo izithuba ezingenanto kumatshini. Xa umatshini usebenza ngokupheleleyo, umatshini unokwenza iingqekembe ezingaphezu kwama-600 ngomzuzu. Esi santya siyimfuneko kumsebenzi ofana ne-United States Mint, ekufuneka ivelise iibhiliyoni zeengqekembe minyaka le.

Nangona le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yendlela esebenza ngayo ukuze kuveliswe iibhiliyoni zeengqekembe, kukho amanyathelo ambalwa aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa yi-mint nganye kwihlabathi liphela. I-United States Mint yeyona mint inkulu kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye siza kugxila kwinkqubo yayo yokuvelisa.

1. Ukumba izinto ezisetyenziswa gwenxa

Inkqubo yokwenza umzobo iqala ngokumbiwa kwezinto ezikrwada. Imigodi evela kulo lonke elaseMelika nakwihlabathi liphela ibonelela ngegolide, isilivere, ubhedu, okanye ezinye iintsimbi ezifunekayo. Isinyithi esikrwada esifunyenwe kwezi migodi sinokungcola okungamkelekanga ukuba kwenziwe ngeengqekembe.

Ukongeza ekumbeni iore ukuze kufunyanwe isinyithi esifunekayo, i-United States Mint ikwasebenzisa isinyithi esisetyenzisiweyo esifunyenwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Le mithombo iquka iingqekembe ezingasasebenziyo "ezenziwe ngomatshini" kwaye zisuswa ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Endaweni yoko, zibuyiselwa kwi-mint, apho ziphinda zisetyenziswe zibe ziingqekembe ezintsha.

2. Ukucocwa, Ukunyibilikiswa, kunye nokuBuyiswa
Isinyithi esiluhlaza siyacocwa ukuze kususwe phantse zonke izinto ezingcolileyo. Ezinye iingqekembe zifuna i-alloy yeentlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. Isinyithi esicociweyo siyanyibilika, kwaye kongezwa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka ngokweemfuno. Umzekelo, i-United States Mint yenza ingqekembe yayo yeesenti ezintlanu nge-75% yobhedu kunye ne-25% ye-nickel alloy.

Nje ukuba kufumaneke ubunyulu obufanelekileyo okanye i-alloy, isinyithi sifakwa kwi-ingot. Ezi ziintsika ezinkulu zesinyithi eziqulathe ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besinyithi njengoko kufuneka kwi-mint. Isinyithi sijongwa kuyo yonke inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kufunyenwe ubunyulu obufanelekileyo.

3. Ukuqengqeleka
Inkqubo yokuqengqa ingot ibe bubukhulu obufanelekileyo inokuba nde kwaye inzima. Ingot iqengqwa phakathi kweerola ezimbini zentsimbi eqinileyo ezihlala zisondelana. Le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka ide ingot iqengqwe ibe ngumcu wesinyithi obukhulu obufanelekileyo bengqekembe eyenziwayo. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokuqengqa ithambisa isinyithi kwaye itshintshe isakhiwo semolekyuli esivumela ukuba sibethwe lula kwaye sivelise iingqekembe ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Xa ilulwelo, kufuneka i-annealing ngaphambi kokuba ivuleke.

4. Ukucima
I-United States Mint isebenzisa imiqolo yesinyithi emalunga ne-13 intshi ububanzi kwaye inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezininzi. Umqolo wesinyithi uyasuswa kwaye utyatyekwe ukuze kususwe ukugoba kwinkqubo yokwenziwa. Emva koko udlula kumatshini okhupha iidiski zesinyithi ngoku ezibukhulu kunye nobubanzi obufanelekileyo bengqekembe eyenziwayo.

5. Ukubhida
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo yokuvelisa esetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsimbi ezingenanto ingcolile kwaye iqhutywa kwindawo enzima. Kunokwenzeka ukuba iziqwenga ezincinci zesinyithi ezilahliweyo zidityaniswe neengqekembe zemali. Umatshini wokulinganisa amaqhina wahlula iingqekembe ezinobukhulu obufanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na into yangaphandle exutywe neengqekembe zemali.

6. Ukugquma kunye nokucoca
Emva koko i-mint idlulisa ingqekembe ingena kwi-oven yokuthambisa ukuze ithambise isinyithi ukulungiselela ukutshaya. Ezi zithuba zifakwa kwibhafu yamakhemikhali ukuze kususwe nayiphi na ioyile kunye nothuli olunokuba phezu kwengqekembe. Nasiphi na isixokelelwane esingaphandle sinokungena kwingqekembe ngexesha lokutshaya, kwaye kuya kufuneka silahlwe.

7. Ukucaphukisa
Ukukhusela uyilo oluza kugcizelelwa kwi-coin blank yesinyithi, i-coin blank nganye idlula kumatshini oneeseti zeerola eziba ncinci kancinci kwaye zifake i-rim yesinyithi ephakanyisiweyo kumacala omabini e-coin blank. Le nkqubo ikwanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-coin blank yi-diameter efanelekileyo ukuze itshayeke kakuhle kwi-coining press. Emva kwale nkqubo, i-coin blank ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yi-planchet.

8. Ukunyathela okanye ukubetha
Ngoku ekubeni iiplanchets zilungisiwe kakuhle, zathanjiswa, zaza zacocwa, ngoku zilungele ukutshayiswa. Iingqekembe zeshishini ezitshayiweyo zifakwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-coining press ngesantya esinokufikelela kumakhulu eengqekembe ngomzuzu. Iingqekembe zobungqina ezenzelwe abaqokeleli zifakwa ngesandla kwi-coining press kwaye zifumana ubuncinci ii-strikes ezimbini kwingqekembe nganye.

9. Ukusasazwa
Iingqekembe eziphumelele ukuhlolwa ngoku zilungele ukusasazwa. Iingqekembe ezifunyenwe ngamashishini zipakishwa kwiingxowa zokugcina izinto ezinkulu zize zithunyelwe kubasasazi kwihlabathi liphela. Iingqekembe zokuqokelela zifakwa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo kunye neebhokisi zize zithunyelwe kubaqokeleli beengqekembe kwihlabathi liphela.