Izisombululo

Iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingqekembe zemali ziye zaguquka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Iingqekembe zenziwa okokuqala kubukumkani bamandulo baseLidiya ngaphezu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo. Ukwenziwa kweengqekembe zakudala kwakulula kakhulu. Okokuqala, igaqa elincinane legolide, isilivere okanye ubhedu lalifakwa kwingqekembe yemali efakwe kwindawo eqinileyo njengelitye. Umsebenzi wayethabatha ingqekembe yesibini, ayibeke ngaphezulu, aze ayibethe ngehamile enkulu.

Iiminti zamaxesha aphakathi zasebenzisa iidiski ezingqukuva ezenziwe kwangaphambili zentsimbi kunye ne-screw press ukwenza ezi ngqekembe. Nangona le yayiyinkqubo yezandla, yayilula kwaye ivelisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunenkqubo yamandulo yokumbiwa.

Iingqekembe zale mihla zenziwa ngoomatshini bokwenza imali nge-hydraulic abondla ngokuzenzekelayo izikhewu kumatshini. Xa umatshini usebenza ngokupheleleyo, umatshini wokushicilela unokwenza imali engaphezu kwama-600 ngomzuzu. Esi santya siyimfuneko kumsebenzi ofana ne-United States Mint, ekufuneka ivelise iibhiliyoni zeengqekembe minyaka le.

Nangona le nkqubo intsonkothile ngenxa yomatshini osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amawaka ezigidi zemali, kukho amanyathelo ambalwa aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa yiminti yehlabathi lonke. I-Mint yase-United States yeyona minti inkulu kwihlabathi, kwaye siza kugxila kwinkqubo yayo yemveliso.

1. Ukumbiwa kweMathiriyeli ekrwada

Inkqubo yokugaya iqala ngokumbiwa kwezinto ezikrwada. Imigodi evela kulo lonke elase-United States kwaye kwihlabathi jikelele ibonelela ngegolide, isilivere, ubhedu, okanye ezinye iintsimbi ezifunekayo. Intsimbi ekrwada efunyenwe kule migodi iqulethe ukungcola okungamkelekanga kwi-coinage.

Ukongeza kwintsimbi ekrwada yokumbiwa ukufumana isinyithi esifunekayo, iMint yase-United States ikwasebenzisa intsimbi ehlaziyiweyo ebuyiselwe kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Le mithombo ibandakanya iingqekembe ezingasena "machinable" kwaye zisuswe ekujikelezweni. Endaweni yoko, zibuyiselwa kwiminti, apho ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwiingqekembe ezintsha.

2. Ukusulungekiswa, ukunyibilika, kunye nokuSasa
Intsimbi ekrwada iyacocwa ukuze isuse phantse bonke ukungcola. Ezinye iingqekembe zifuna i-alloy yeentlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. Intsimbi ecocekileyo iyancibilika, kwaye iindidi ezahlukeneyo njengoko zifunwa yinkcazo zongezwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-United States Mint yenza i-five-cent ngqekembe kwi-75 yepesenti yobhedu kunye ne-25 yepesenti ye-nickel alloy.

Emva kokuba ucoceko olufanelekileyo okanye i-alloy ifezekisiwe, isinyithi sifakwe kwi-ingot. Le mivalo yentsimbi emikhulu equlethe isixa esifanelekileyo sesinyithi njengoko kufunwa yi-mint. Isinyithi sihlolwe kuyo yonke inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kufunyenwe ubunyulu obufanelekileyo.

3. Ukuqengqeleka
Inkqubo yokugoqa i-ingot kubukhulu obufanelekileyo ingaba yinde kwaye inzima. I-ingot ifakwe phakathi kweerola ezimbini zentsimbi eziqinileyo eziqhubekayo zisondela kwaye zisondele kunye. Le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka de i-ingot igqitywe ibe yintsimbi yentsimbi ebunzima obufanelekileyo kwingqekembe eyenziwayo. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ithambisa isinyithi kwaye itshintshe isakhiwo semolekyuli esivumela ukuba sibethwe lula kwaye sivelise iingqekembe ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Xa iyimathiriyeli yealloyi, iyafuneka ukuba yenziwe i-annealing phambi kokuyivala.

4. Ukungabi nanto
I-United States Mint isebenzisa imiqulu yentsimbi emalunga nee-intshi ezili-13 ububanzi kwaye inobunzima obungamawaka eeponti. I-roll yentsimbi ayibonakali kwaye inqunyulwe ukuze isuse i-curvature kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Emva koko idluliswa kumatshini okhupha iidiski zentsimbi ngoku zibubukhulu obufanelekileyo kunye nobubanzi bengqekembe eyenziwayo.

5. Ukuhlekisa
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo yokuvelisa esetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsimbi zentsimbi ingcolile kwaye iqhutywe kwindawo enzima. Kuyenzeka ukuba amaqhekeza amancinci enkunkuma adityaniswe kunye nezikhewu zengqekembe. Umatshini wokuxova wahlula izikhewu ezinobungakanani ngokufanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na into yangaphandle exutywe nezikhewu zengqekembe.

6. Ukucoca kunye nokuCoca
I-mint ke igqithisa ingqekembe yemali kwi-oven yokuthambisa ukuze ithambe isinyithi ukulungiselela ukubetheka. Izithuba zifakwa kwibhafu yeekhemikhali ukususa nayiphi na ioli kunye nokungcola okunokuba phezu kwengqekembe. Nayiphi na imathiriyeli yangaphandle inokufakwa kwingqekembe ngexesha lenkqubo yokubetha, kwaye kuya kufuneka ichithwe.

7. Iyacaphukisa
Ukukhusela uyilo oluya kuchukumiseka kwingqekembe yentsimbi engenanto, ingqekembe nganye engenanto idlula kumatshini oneseti yeerola ezifumana kancinci kancinci kwaye zigqithise udini lwentsimbi olunyusiweyo kumacala omabini emali yemali. Le nkqubo ikwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ingqekembe yemali engenanto yi-diameter efanelekileyo ngoko iya kubetha ngokufanelekileyo kwi-coining press. Emva kwale nkqubo, ingqekembe engenanto ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yiplanchet.

8. Ukunyathela okanye Ukubetha
Ngoku ekubeni iiplanga zilungiswe kakuhle, zathanjiswa zaza zacocwa, ngoku sele zilungele ukubethelwa. Iingqekembe zemali zeshishini zifakwa ngokuzenzekelayo kumatshini wokushicilela ngexabiso elinokufikelela kumakhulu aliqela eengqekembe ngomzuzu. Iingqekembe zobungqina ezenzelwe abaqokeleli zondliwa ngesandla kwi-coining press kwaye zifumana ubuncinane ezimbini kwingqekembe nganye.

9. Ukuhanjiswa
Iingqekembe eziphumelele ukuhlolwa ngoku zilungele ukuhanjiswa. Iingqekembe zemali ezibethwe kwishishini zipakishwa kwiibhegi zokugcina isambuku kwaye zithunyelwe kubathengisi kwihlabathi liphela. Iingqekembe zemali zifakwa kwizibambi ezikhethekileyo kunye neebhokisi kwaye zithunyelwe kwiingqekembe zemali zabaqokeleli kwihlabathi liphela.