Iindaba

Kwimarike yesinyithi esixabisekileyo, iimbotyi zegolide ziye zaba yimveliso ethandwayo ethandwa ngabatyali-mali ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncinci, ukuphatheka lula, kunye nokulula kokurhweba. Kumashishini okuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide, indlela yokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo iimbotyi zegolide ezikumgangatho ophezulu sisitshixo sokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike. Umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot, njengesixhobo sokukhupha esiphucukileyo, uye wavela kancinci kancinci kwicandelo lokuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide. Ngoko ke, ngaba umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot unokufezekisa injongo yokuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide ezininzi ngokufanelekileyo? Okulandelayo, siza kujonga kuhlalutyo ukusuka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

1. Indlela yokusebenza kunye neetekhnoloji eziphambili zeumatshini wokuphosa i-ingot ye-vacuum

(IsiNgesi)1）Umgaqo wokusebenza

 Ukusebenza komatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo engqongqo nechanekileyo. Okokuqala, beka izinto zegolide eziluhlaza kwigumbi lokunyibilikisa lomatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot. Khupha umoya ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi lokunyibilikisa ngepompo ye-vacuum, udale indawo ene-vacuum eninzi. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekunciphiseni isiphumo se-oxidation ye-oksijini kwizixhobo zegolide eziluhlaza. Emva koko, igesi engasebenziyo efana ne-argon izaliswa kwigumbi lokunyibilikisa ukuze ibonelele ngakumbi ngomqobo wokukhusela ulwelo lwegolide. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokufudumeza ezisebenzayo ezifana nokufudumeza ngokungenisa, izinto zegolide eziluhlaza zifudunyezwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwendawo yazo yokunyibilikisa ngexesha elifutshane, zinyibilike zibe yimeko yolwelo.

Xa ulwelo lwegolide lufikelela kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokubumba kwaye lunokunyibilika kakuhle, ngoncedo lwenkqubo yokubumba eyilwe ngononophelo, ulwelo lwegolide lufakwa ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza kwiimold ezininzi ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Njengoko ulwelo lwegolide luphola kwaye luqina ngaphakathi kwimold, iimbotyi zegolide ezibunjiweyo zizalwa nganye nganye.

(IsiNgesi)2）Iimpawu zobugcisa eziphambili

1.Inkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele:

Oomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum abaphambili baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele kakhulu, ezihlala zisekelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-programmable logic controller (PLC). Umsebenzisi kufuneka afake iiparameter ezicwangcisiweyo kuphela kwi-interface yolawulo, acofe iqhosha lokuqala, kwaye izixhobo zinokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza ukusuka ekunyibilikeni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuphosa ukuya ekubumbeni i-ingot.

Olu lawulo lukrelekrele alugcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu iimfuno zezakhono zobungcali zabaqhubi kwaye lunciphisa iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukungenelela ngesandla, kodwa lukwaqinisekisa ukuhambelana okuphezulu kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ibhetshi nganye yeembotyi zegolide, lubeka isiseko esiqinileyo semveliso esebenzayo nezinzileyo yeembotyi zegolide ezininzi.

2.Ukhuseleko oluhle kakhulu lwe-vacuum kunye negesi engasebenziyo:

Phantsi kwendlela yokukhusela kabini ye-vacuum kunye negesi engasebenziyo, i-oxidation yegolide ngexesha lokunyibilika nokuphoswa iyacinezelwa ngempumelelo. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela ubunyulu beembotyi zegolide ukuya kwimigangatho ephezulu kakhulu, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba neziphene ezifana neembobo kunye nokuncipha kumphezulu weembotyi zegolide.

Iimbotyi zegolide zinomphezulu ogudileyo nomgangatho ozinzileyo nothembekileyo, zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zemarike zeemveliso zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zinceda ukuphucula umfanekiso wenkampani kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike, ngelixa zinciphisa ukuphinda zisebenze kunye nelahleko ezibangelwa ziingxaki zomgangatho wemveliso, ziphucula ngokungathanga ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

3.Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi:

Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu kunye nokuhamba kwesisombululo segolide yinto ephambili ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yeembotyi zegolide. Umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot uxhotyiswe ngee-sensors zobushushu ezichanekileyo kunye neevalvu zokulawula ukuhamba, ezinokujonga kwaye zilungise ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu kunye nokuhamba kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha langempela. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika, ukuchaneka kokulawula ubushushu kunokufikelela± 1 ℃, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lwegolide luhlala lukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lobushushu bokubumba.

Kwinkqubo yokuphosa, ivalvu yokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bokufaka kunye nesantya sokuhamba kolwelo lwegolide ngokwenani kunye neenkcukacha zemilo, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokuhambelana kobunzima bembotyi nganye yegolide. Olu buchule bokulawula ngokuchanekileyo luvumela umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot ukuba uvelise ngokuzinzileyo iimveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho ongqongqo ekuveliseni iimbotyi zegolide ezininzi.

4.Inkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo: 

Ukuze kukhawuleziswe isantya sokubumba iimbotyi zegolide kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot uxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo. Le nkqubo idla ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokupholisa amanzi ajikelezayo okanye yokupholisa umoya, enokususa ngokukhawuleza ubushushu besinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwisikhunta, ivumela isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuba siphole kwaye siqine ngexesha elifutshane.

Ukuthatha inkqubo yokupholisa amanzi njengomzekelo, ngokuphucula uyilo lwemibhobho yokupholisa kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi, ixesha lokupholisa leembotyi zegolide lingancitshiswa liye kwisithathu seenkqubo zemveli. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa kuphucula nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lweembotyi zegolide, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi umgangatho wemveliso.

2.Uhlalutyo lweengenelo zomatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot ekuveliseni iimbotyi zegolide ezininzi

(IsiNgesi)1）Inzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso

1.Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa nokuphosa ngokukhawuleza: 

Itekhnoloji yokufudumeza ephucukileyo esetyenziswa ngumatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot, efana nokufudumeza okukhawulezayo, inokuyifudumeza impahla eluhlaza yegolide ukuya kwinqanaba lokunyibilika ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokufudumeza ezixhathisayo zemveli, ixesha lokunyibilika lingancitshiswa ngaphezulu kwama-50%. Umzekelo, ezinye iimatshini zokuphosa i-vacuum ezisebenza kakuhle zinokunyibilikisa isithando sezinto eziluhlaza zegolide (ngesiqhelo iikhilogram ezininzi ukuya kwishumi leekhilogram) kwimizuzu emi-3-5 kuphela.

Kwinkqubo yokuphosa, isixhobo sokuphosa esikhawulezayo esixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sinokufaka ulwelo lwegolide ngokulinganayo kwiimold ezininzi kwimizuzwana engaphezu kweshumi. Ukuba imold ineegumbi ezingama-50 zokwenza iimbotyi zegolide kwaye iphoswe kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot, ixesha elifunekayo ukugqiba umsebenzi omnye wokuphosa linokuba malunga nemizuzwana eli-15 kuphela, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imveliso yeembotyi zegolide ngexesha ngalinye.

2.Umthamo obalaseleyo wemveliso eqhubekayo: 

Oomatshini abaninzi bokuphosa i-vacuum ingot banamandla okusebenza ngokuqhubekekayo. Lo gama nje izinto eziluhlaza zifumaneka rhoqo, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo zokupholisa, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo, imveliso engaphazanyiswayo yeeyure ezingama-24 inokufezekiswa.

Olu phawu lwemveliso eqhubekayo luneengenelo ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni ii-odolo ezinkulu zemveliso yeembotyi zegolide. Ukuthatha ishishini lemveliso yeembotyi zegolide eliphakathi njengomzekelo, ukuba kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot onomthamo wemveliso eqhubekayo, imveliso yemihla ngemihla yeembotyi zegolide inokufikelela kumawaka okanye kwanamashumi amawaka, nto leyo enokwanelisa ngokukhawuleza imfuno enamandla yemarike.

3.Uyilo lwesikhunta esinomqolo omninzi:

Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yeembotyi zegolide, ezinye iimatshini zokufaka i-vacuum zisebenzisa uyilo olutsha lwe-multi-cavity mold. Amashumi amabini okanye amakhulu eembotyi zegolide zokubumba iimbotyi zinokubekwa kwi-mold, kwaye iimbotyi zegolide ezininzi zinokufunyanwa ngaxeshanye kwi-casting enye. Umzekelo, ezinye iindlela zoyilo lwe-mold eziphambili zinokuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide ezili-100-200 kwi-casting enye. Xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwendabuko lwe-single-mode okanye ezimbalwa ze-cavity, olu yilo lwe-multi-mode cavity lufikelele ekunyukeni kwe-geometric multiple ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso, luphucula kakhulu isikali semveliso kunye nesantya seembotyi zegolide.

(IsiNgesi)2）Inzuzo yomgangatho wemveliso

1.Ubumsulwa obuphezulu kunye nezinga eliphantsi lesiphene: 

Ngenxa yokhuseleko oluphindwe kabini lwe-vacuum kunye negesi engasebenziyo, iimbotyi zegolide eziveliswa ngumatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot zicocekile kakhulu, zihlala zifikelela kwi-99.99% nangaphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuphepha ngempumelelo i-oxidation kunye nokungcola, umphezulu weembotyi zegolide phantse awunazo iziphene eziqhelekileyo ezifana neembobo, iimbobo zokuncitshiswa, imingxunya yesanti, njl.njl., kwaye ukuthamba komphezulu kugqwesile.

Iimbotyi zegolide ezikumgangatho ophezulu azikhangeli nje kuphela ngembonakalo, kodwa zinokuthengiswa ngamaxabiso aphezulu kwimarike, nto leyo ebangela inzuzo ephezulu kumashishini. Ngaphezu koko, izinga eliphantsi leziphene lithetha izinga eliphantsi leemveliso ezineziphene kunye nokulungiswa ngokutsha, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.

2.Ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokungaguquguquki kobunzima:

Iumatshini wokuphosa i-ingot ye-vacuumiqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokuhambelana kobunzima bembotyi nganye yegolide ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba ngokulawula ubushushu obuchanekileyo, ulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi, kunye noyilo oluphambili lokubumba.

Nokuba yimveliso enkulu okanye ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwebhetshi encinci, iimpazamo kwiiparameter zobukhulu ezifana nobubanzi kunye nobukhulu beembotyi zegolide ezivelisiweyo zinokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci kakhulu, kwaye ukuphambuka kobunzima kungalawulwa kwinqanaba le-milligram. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lokuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokuhambelana kobunzima kubaluleke kakhulu kutyalo-mali lweembotyi zegolide kunye neembotyi zegolide ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zesipho eziphezulu. Ingahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zabathengi zeenkcukacha zemveliso kwaye iphucule ukukhuphisana kwamashishini kwezi ndawo zemarike eziphezulu.

(IsiNgesi)3）Inzuzo yokulawula iindleko

1. Ukunciphisa okukhulu kwilahleko yezinto ezikrwada:

Ukunyibilikisa nokuphosa kwenziwa kwindawo engenamoya, kulawula ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwe-oxidation yezinto zegolide ezingavuthwanga. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuphosa echanekileyo inokufaka ulwelo lwegolide ngokuchanekileyo kwisikhunta, inciphise ukutshiza kunye nokuchithwa kolwelo lwegolide. Ngokwezibalo, ukusebenzisa umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ukuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide kunokunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezingavuthwanga nge-10% -15% xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokuphosa zendabuko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuya kusindisa iinkampani iindleko ezinkulu zokuthenga izinto ezingavuthwanga.

2.Iindleko ezifanelekileyo zokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla: 

Nangona ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot liphezulu, unomsebenzi wokuzixilonga ngokupheleleyo kunye nokulumkisa iimpazamo, onokubona iingxaki ezinokubakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwizixhobo kwaye wenze ulondolozo, ukunciphisa amathuba okusilela ngequbuliso kwezixhobo, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neendleko zokugcinwa okubangelwa kukugcinwa kwezixhobo.

Ukongeza, ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, uyilo lweemashini zokusika i-vacuum ingot lugxile ngakumbi ekugcineni amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo. Izinto zokufudumeza ezifanelekileyo, iinkqubo zokupholisa ezilungisiweyo, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwamandla ezikrelekrele ziyasetyenziswa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla okuphantsi ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kumashishini.

Isiphelo

Ngohlalutyo olunzulu lomgaqo wokusebenza, iimpawu zobugcisa, iingenelo zemveliso, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa komatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot, kunokugqitywa kwelokuba umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot ubonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iinjongo zemveliso yeembotyi zegolide ezininzi.

Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, iimpawu ezinje ngokunyibilika nokuphoswa ngokukhawuleza, amandla okuvelisa okuqhubekayo, kunye noyilo lwemibhobho yeendlela ezininzi ziyenza ikwazi ukuvelisa inani elikhulu leembotyi zegolide ngexesha elifutshane; Ngokuphathelele umgangatho wemveliso, ubunyulu obuphezulu, izinga eliphantsi lesiphene, kunye nokuchaneka okugqwesileyo kobukhulu kunye nokuhambelana kobunzima kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu weJindou; Ngokuphathelele ulawulo lweendleko, ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zabasebenzi, ukwehla kwelahleko yezinto eziluhlaza, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo zokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenza amashishini abe neenzuzo eziphezulu zoqoqosho xa esebenzisaoomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum ingot bokuvelisa iimbotyi zegolide.