Iindaba

Njengoko amaxabiso egolide aphesheya kweelwandle eqhubeka nokwenyuka amaxabiso, elandelwa ngokusondeleyo ngamaxabiso esilivere, abatyali-mali behlabathi bagxile kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezikhazimlayo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwesi sidlo semali, isixhobo semizi-mveliso esibonakala singacacanga—umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot—siyavela ngasemva, siba ngumdlali ophambili ekumiseleni ukunikezelwa kwemarike, kude kufikelelwe kwinqanaba apho kunzima kakhulu ukulifumana.

1. Yintoni umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingotIphosa okungaphezulu nje kwesinyithi; iphosa ukuthembana.

Ngamafutshane, umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot sisixhobo esikumgangatho ophezulu esithulula isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwii-ingots (okanye "ii-ingots") zesimo esithile kunye nobunzima phantsi kwe-vacuum ephezulu okanye umoya wegesi ongasebenziyo.

Ungabuza: Ukwenziwa kwe-Ingot casting kuvakala kulula, kutheni ke ngoko kufuna ingxolo nobunzima obungaka, obusenziwa kwindawo engenabantu?

Oku kufikelela kwisiseko sento. Kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere, kunye nee-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezicocekileyo kakhulu, ukuphoswa kwe-open-pit yendabuko kuneengxaki ezimbini ezinkulu:

1. Ukuxinana kunye nokungcola:Umoya usabela kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, wenze i-slag kwaye ufake ukungcola, kunciphisa ubunyulu be-ingot kwaye kubangele iziphene zangaphakathi ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag.

2. Ukungalingani kokwakheka:Izinto ezithile ezidibanisayo zilahleka lula emoyeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ii-ingots ezinee-compositions ezingahambelaniyo noyilo kunye nokusebenza okungaphantsi komgangatho.

Umatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot ngowona utshaba olukhulu kwezi ngxaki. Ngokwenza "umoya ococekileyo" ophantse ube mhle, uqinisekisa:

Ubumsulwa obukhulu: I-oxidation iyasuswa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ii-ingots ezixineneyo, ezifanayo, nezingenaziphene.

Umbala ochanekileyo: Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwe-ingot nganye luqinisekisiwe ukuba luyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo.

Inkangeleko egqibeleleyo: Umphezulu ogudileyo wesipili kunye neempawu ezicacileyo zezona zinto zobugcisa ngokwenene.

Ngoko ke, iimveliso eziveliswa ngumatshini wokuphosa i-vacuum ingot zingaphezulu nje kwee-ingots zegolide nesilivere; zivelisa ukuzithemba kwimarike, imali ethengiswayo ejikelezayo, kunye nezatifikethi zemali ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ziyi "sitywina somgangatho" wehlabathi leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

2"Ukhuphiswano lobuchule" phantsi kwexabiso legolide elinyukayo: Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukufumana umatshini?

Xa amaxabiso egolide nesilivere eqhubeka enyuka, imakethi iya kubangela uthotho lweempendulo zetsheyini:

1. Imfuno yotyalo-mali iyakhula:Abatyali-mali bezikolo kunye nabantu ngabanye bathenge igolide nesilivere ebonakalayo, kwaye iibhari zegolide nezesilivere azifumaneki lula. Izityalo zokubumba i-Ingot zigcwele iiodolo kwaye kufuneka zandise amandla emveliso.

2. Imfuno yesizwe yokugcina imali:Iibhanki ezininzi eziphambili ziyaqhubeka nokwandisa iindawo zazo zokugcina igolide. Ezi ndawo zokugcina igolide nazo kufuneka ziphoswe kwiingcongolo zegolide ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuphuma kokugqibela kwezi mfuno kukhomba kwikhonkco elifanayo - i-ingot casting. Izixhobo eziphambili ezinokuvelisa ii-ingot ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezinokuziswa ngumatshini we-vacuum ingot casting.

Ngoko ke, imeko yokuba “kunzima ukufumana umatshini” yavela ngokwemvelo:

(1) Ukuveliswa kwemveliso okuphezulu, amandla emveliso alinganiselweyo:Oomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum ingot ziimveliso ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kakhulu, ezibandakanya ubuchwepheshe obuninzi obuphambili obufana nokufunyanwa kwe-vacuum, ulawulo lobushushu oluchanekileyo, kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Bambalwa abavelisi ehlabathini abanokuvelisa izixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle, kwaye ukwandiswa komthamo kuthatha ixesha.

(2) Umjikelo omde wokuhambisa:Ukususela eku-odoleni izixhobo ukuya ekuhanjisweni, ekufakweni nasekuqalisweni kwazo, umjikelo unokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi okanye nangaphezulu konyaka. Xa ijongene nemfuno yemarike ngequbuliso, unikezelo alukwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

(3) Isiphumo "somjelo":Kwiindawo zokucoca, okukhona benazo oomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum ingot abaphucukileyo, kokukhona benamandla okuthatha ii-odolo kwaye benodumo oluphezulu kwimarike. Oku akubonisi nje kuphela izixhobo zemveliso, kodwa kukwabonisa ukhuphiswano lwabo oluphambili. Ke ngoko, iinkampani eziphambili azizukuchitha xesha lininzi ukuze zithenge kwaye zigcine amandla azo emveliso.

Kunokuthiwa ubungakanani bomyalelo woomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum ingot bube yeyona barometer yokwenyani neyaphambili yobushushu bemarike yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

Isiphelo: "Ii-Ingot Casters" ezizolileyo kunye neMarike yeFrenetic

Ngelixa imali yehlabathi ikhuthaza okanye ixhala malunga nayo yonke into eyenzeka ngexabiso legolide,oomatshini bokuphosa i-vacuum ingotZisebenza ngokuzolileyo nangokuzinzileyo kumzi-mveliso. Zithule, kodwa ngenxa “yokunqongophala” kwazo okungaqhelekanga, zilawula ngokuqinileyo umphimbo wobonelelo olubonakalayo. Oku kusikhumbuza ukuba phantsi kobunzima beemarike zemali, kukho amandla emizi-mveliso aqinileyo axhasa ihlabathi ngokuzolileyo. Ngexesha elizayo xa ubona ibha yegolide ekhazimlayo, mhlawumbi cinga ukuba uhambo lwayo lokudalwa lwaluphucuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kwaye lunzima kunokuba sinokucinga, kwaye “umatshini wokushicilela” owawudala wona ngokwawo ube ngumbhalo ongezantsi okhethekileyo kweli xesha.