Iindaba

Kwicandelo lokucubungula igolide, ukuchaneka kwayoukuphoswa kwebha yegolideinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso lemarike. Njengesixhobo esiphambili kushishino, umatshini omncinci wokuphosa i-ingot ye-gold bar vacuum ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo uphucule kakhulu ukuchaneka kokuphosa i-gold bar ngothotho lwetekhnoloji entsha kunye nolwakhiwo oluchanekileyo, waba ngumncedisi onamandla kumashishini amaninzi okucubungula igolide. Okulandelayo, siza kujonga imfihlakalo yokuphucula ukuchaneka kokuphosa.

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1.Ulwakhiwo oluphambili: ukubeka isiseko sokuchaneka

(IsiNgesi)1）Inkqubo yokubumba echanekileyo ephezulu

Isikhunta somatshini omncinci wegolide osebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo singathathwa njengesixhobo "somphefumlo" wesixhobo sonke. Isikhunta senziwe ngentsimbi ekhethekileyo, enokumelana nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwanda kobushushu. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu, isikhunta singahlala sigcina imo nobukhulu obuzinzileyo, siphephe ngokufanelekileyo ukuguquka kwesikhunta okubangelwa kukwanda nokuncipha kobushushu, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo nobuchanekileyo beebha zegolide ngexesha lokuphosa. Umzekelo, isikhunta somatshini we-ingot casting wophawu oludumileyo sidlula kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yonyango lobushushu ukulawula i-coefficient yaso yokwanda kobushushu ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci kakhulu. Emva kwemijikelo emininzi yokuphosa kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu, ukuphambuka kobukhulu besikhunta kusenokunganakwa, okubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokuchaneka kwe-coefficient yegolide.​

Unyango lomphezulu wesikhunta lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokupholisha esipilini ephucukileyo, ukuguda komphezulu wesikhunta kufezekiswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Umphezulu ogudayo wesikhunta unokunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuhamba kwesisombululo segolide ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzalisa, kuthintelwe iziphene ezibangelwa kukuhamba kakubi kwesisombululo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthamba kunye nokuguda komphezulu webha yegolide, okubangela ukutsiba okusemgangathweni ekubonakaleni kwebha yegolide.​

(IsiNgesi)2）Indlela echanekileyo yokudlulisela kunye nokubeka

Umatshini wokuphosa i-ingot uxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokudlulisa echanekileyo kakhulu, equlathe ii-servo motors, izikrufu zebhola ezichanekileyo, kunye neereyile zesikhokelo eziqinileyo. Ii-Servo motors zinokubonelela ngamandla azinzileyo nachanekileyo, ziguqula intshukumo yokujikeleza kwemoto ibe yintshukumo ethe tye ngee-screw zebhola ukuze kufezekiswe ukuvulwa, ukuvalwa, kunye nokubekwa kwesikhunta ngokuchanekileyo. Ireyile yesikhokelo iqinisekisa ukuguda kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo yokunyakaza, inciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuphambuka ngexesha lokunyakaza.​

Kwinkqubo yokwenyani yokuphosa, ukuchaneka kwendlela yokudlulisa kunye nokubeka izinto kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kobukhulu bebha yegolide. Umzekelo, xa kuphoswa imivalo yegolide yeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwemoto ye-servo ngenkqubo yolawulo lunokulungisa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo indawo kunye nendawo yesikhunta, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphoswa ngakunye kuhambelana ngqo nemigangatho yobukhulu obumiselweyo, kwaye kugcinwe iimpazamo kwiimilinganiselo eziphambili ezifana nobude, ububanzi, kunye nobukhulu bemivalo yegolide ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci kakhulu.

2.Isigaba sokusebenza: Isitshixo sokuchaneka kolawulo

(IsiNgesi)1）Ukudalwa kweNdawo yokuVuthela kunye noLawulo lweGesi

①Ukuqinisekiswa kokungacoceki kunye nobunyulu

Ukudalwa kwendawo yokufunxa i-vacuum yimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukuchaneka kokufunxa i-gold bar. Kwiindawo zokufunxa zemveli, uthuli, ukungcola, kunye ne-oksijini emoyeni zixutywa lula kwisisombululo segolide esinyibilikisiweyo, esingatshintshi nje kuphela ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zegolide, kodwa sinokwenza iziphene ezifana nee-pores kunye nezinto ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-gold bar, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho we-gold bar. Umatshini omncinci wokufunxa i-gold bar vacuum ingot ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo uxhotyiswe ngepompo yokufunxa esebenza kakhulu, enokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo lomoya ngaphakathi kwe-ingot ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, adla ngokufikelela kwi-10⁻iipascals okanye nangaphantsi. Kwimeko enjalo yokungafumani manzi, amathuba okuba ukungcola emoyeni kudibane nesisombululo segolide ancitshiswa kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ubunyulu begolide evela kumthombo kwaye kubekwa isiseko esiqinileyo sokuphoswa ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu okulandelayo.​

②Ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa nokuphotha igolide, igolide ngokwayo ikhupha ezinye iigesi. Ukuba ayikhutshwa ngexesha, ezi gesi ziya kwenza iimbobo ngaphakathi kwebha yegolide, zonakalisa isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kwaye zichaphazele ukufana kwayo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Inkqubo yokuphotha i-vacuum yomatshini wokuphotha i-ingot ayinakudala kuphela imeko-bume enoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa ikwakhupha rhoqo nangokufanelekileyo igesi ekhutshwa kwigolide. Ngomsebenzi odibeneyo wetshaneli yokukhupha umoya eyilwe kakuhle kunye nepompo yokuphotha esebenza kakuhle, kuqinisekiswa ukuba igesi ikhutshwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba igolide iqine, iphephe ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kweziphene ezifana neembobo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi kunye nokuchaneka kwebha yegolide.

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(IsiNgesi)2）Inkqubo yokulawula ubushushu echanekileyo

①Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu bokunyibilika

Ubushushu bokunyibilika kwegolide bumalunga ne-1064℃, kodwa kwinkqubo yokwenyani yokuphosa, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu bokunyibilika lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokugeleza kwesisombululo segolide. Umatshini omncinci wokuphosa i-ingot ye-vacuum ye-gold bar ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo uxhotyiswe ngee-sensors zobushushu ezichanekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukufudumeza eziphambili. I-sensor yobushushu inokujonga ubushushu begolide ngexesha langempela nangokuchanekileyo, ngokuchaneka± 1 ℃okanye nangaphezulu. Inkqubo yokulawula ukufudumeza ilungisa amandla okufudumeza ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele ezisekelwe kwimpendulo yedatha yobushushu evela kwiisensa, ukuqinisekisa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo kwegolide kubushushu obumiselweyo kunye nokuphepha ukupholisa kakhulu okanye ukugqithisa kakhulu isisombululo segolide okubangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwesisombululo segolide ngaphambi kokungena kwimold, okubonelela ngesiseko esizinzileyo sezinto zokuphosa ngokuchanekileyo.​

②Ukuphucula i-gradient yobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina

I-gradient yobushushu efanelekileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho we-crystallization kunye nokuchaneka kweebha zegolide ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina. Umatshini wokuphosa i-ingot ulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya sokupholisa kunye nolandelelwano lokupholisa lwe-mold ngenkqubo yokulawula ubushushu ekrelekrele. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa isantya sokupholisa esikhawulezayo ezantsi kwe-mold kuvumela igolide ukuba iqine ngokukhethekileyo ukusuka ezantsi, ngelixa ilungisa isantya sokupholisa ngokufanelekileyo emacaleni naphezulu ukuze yenze i-gradient yobushushu efanelekileyo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kunye nokusuka ngaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi. Le gradient yobushushu elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo inokukhuthaza ulungiselelo olucwangcisiweyo lwee-athomu zegolide, inciphise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye neziphene zekristale, iphucule ukufana koxinano kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sebha zegolide, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kwe-casting yebha zegolide.

3.Inkqubo yoLawulo oluBukrelekrele: Isiqinisekiso sokuchaneka okuPheleleyo

(IsiNgesi)1）Ukubeka esweni iparameter yexesha langempela kunye nokulungiswa kwempendulo

Inkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele yomatshini omncinci we-vacuum ingot we-gold bar ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo ufana "nobuchopho" besixhobo, esinokujonga iiparameter ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngexesha langempela ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa, kubandakanya ubushushu, uxinzelelo, i-vacuum degree, i-gold solution flow rate, njl. Ezi parameters zidluliselwa ngexesha langempela kwinkqubo yolawulo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezisasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zesixhobo. Inkqubo yokulawula isebenzisa ii-algorithms zohlalutyo lwedatha eziphambili ukwenza uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela kunye nokugweba kwiiparameter eziqokelelweyo. Nje ukuba iiparameter ziphambuke kuluhlu olufanelekileyo olucwangcisiweyo, inkqubo iya kulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ezinje ngokulungisa amandla okufudumeza, i-vacuum pump pump rate, i-gold conveying pump flow rate, njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo yokuphosa isoloko ikwimeko engcono kakhulu, iqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo uzinzo kunye nokuhambelana kokuchaneka kokuphosa ii-gold bar.​

(IsiNgesi)2）Ukuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nendlela yokulumkisa

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo komatshini wokuphosa i-ingot kunye nokuchaneka komatshini wokuphosa igolide, inkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele ikwanayo nemisebenzi enamandla yokuxilonga iimpazamo kunye nokulumkisa. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo, inkqubo iya kuhlala ijonga kwaye ihlalutya imeko yokusebenza kwecandelo ngalinye. Xa imeko engaqhelekanga ifunyenwe kwicandelo, njengokusilela kwesenzi sobushushu, ukuvuza kwepompo ye-vacuum, ukuguguleka kwecandelo lokuhambisa, njl.njl., inkqubo inokuchonga ngokukhawuleza uhlobo kunye nendawo yempazamo kwaye yazise umqhubi ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngee-alamu zesandi kunye nokukhanya, izaziso ze-SMS, kunye nezinye iindlela. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo iya kuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo engxamisekileyo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bempazamo, njengokunciphisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya sokusebenza kwezixhobo, ukumisa inkqubo yokuphosa, okanye ukuvala ngokukhawuleza, ukuthintela ukwehla kokuchaneka kokuphosa okanye nokuba zizinto ezilahliweyo ezibangelwa kukusilela kwezixhobo, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokuphosa iibha zegolide ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu.

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Ibha yegolide encinci ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyoumatshini wokuphosa i-ingot ye-vacuumifikelele kuphuculo olupheleleyo ekuchanekeni kokuphoswa kweebha zegolide ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obutsha kunye noyilo oluchanekileyo kwisakhiwo esiphambili, ukusebenza, kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele. Ezi teknoloji ziphambili kunye neengcinga ezintsha aziqhubeli nje kuphela inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwishishini lokucubungula igolide, kodwa zikwazisa iimveliso zeebha zegolide ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubathengi. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, sikholelwa ukuba umatshini omncinci wokuphoswa kweebha zegolide ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo uya kuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono kwaye uvelise izinto ezintsha kwixesha elizayo, udale ixabiso elingakumbi kwishishini lokucubungula igolide.​