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Kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso kunye netekhnoloji yanamhlanje, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezikumgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezixabisekileyo zetsimbi, kuye kwavela isixhobo sokugalela ivacuum ephezulu eqhubekayo yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Esi sixhobo siphambili sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucoca ephezulu ukuphosa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwindawo elawulwa ngokungqongqo, iqinisekisa ubunyulu, ukufana, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngentshayelelo ecacileyo ukuya phezuluvacuum eqhubekayo yokuphosa izixhobokwisinyithi esinqabileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

vacuum eqhubekayo yokuphosa izixhobo

1,Amagqabantshintshi ngesiXhobo esiNgqongileyo seVacuum esiNgqongileyo seZinyithi ezixabisekileyo

Ukuqulunqwa kwezixhobo

1. Inkqubo yokufunxa

Ipompo yokucoca ephezulu: Ngokuqhelekileyo indibaniselwano yempompo yomatshini, ipompo yokusabalalisa, okanye ipompo yemolekyuli isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa indawo ephezulu yokucoca. Ezi mpompo zinokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, ukuphelisa ukuphazamiseka emoyeni kunye nokunye ukungcola.

I-vacuum valves kunye nemibhobho: isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-vacuum degree kunye nokuhamba kwegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenkqubo yokucoca.

Igeyiji yevacuum: ibeka iliso kwinqanaba le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesixhobo kwaye inikezela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo lobume be-vacuum kubaqhubi.

2. Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa

Isixhobo sokufudumeza: Inokuba kukufudumeza kwe-induction, ukufudumeza ukuxhathisa, okanye ukufudumeza kwe-arc, kwaye inokufudumeza isinyithi esixabisekileyo kwisimo esinyibilikisiweyo. Izindlela zokufudumeza ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo kunye nokusebenza, kwaye zinokukhethwa ngokohlobo lwentsimbi exabisekileyo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo.

I-Crucible: Isetyenziselwa ukubamba inyibiliko yentsimbi exabisekileyo, edla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nomhlwa, njengegraphite, iiseramikhi, okanye iialloys ezikhethekileyo.

Isixhobo sokuvuselela: Ukuvuselela ukunyibilika ngexesha lokunyibilika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kokubunjwa kunye nokuhambelana kweqondo lokushisa.

3. Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa

I-Crystallizer: Iyinxalenye ephambili kwinkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo, emisela imilo kunye nobukhulu be-ingot. Iikristali zihlala zenziwe ngobhedu okanye ezinye izinto ezine-conductivity efanelekileyo ye-thermal, kwaye zifakwe ngaphakathi zifakwe emanzini ukukhawulezisa ukuqiniswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo.

Isixhobo sokungeniswa kwe-Ingot: Khipha i-ingot eqinisiweyo kwi-crystallizer ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo.

Isixhobo sokutsala: silawula isantya sokutsala ingot, esichaphazela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-ingot.

4. Inkqubo yokulawula

Inkqubo yokulawula umbane: Ukulawulwa kombane kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezixhobo, kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kweeparamitha ezifana namandla okufudumala, ukusebenza kwempompo ye-vacuum, kunye nesantya sokutsala i-billet.

Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo: Inokufikelela ekusebenzeni ngokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wemveliso. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo, inkqubo yokulawula inokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo ezifana nokunyibilika kunye nokuphosa okuqhubekayo, kunye nokubeka iliso kunye nokulungelelanisa iiparitha ezahlukeneyo ngexesha langempela.

2,Inkcazo yesakhiwo esiphambili

1. Umzimba wesithando somlilo: Umzimba wesithando somlilo uthatha isakhiwo esithe nkqo esinamanzi aphindwe kabini. Isigqubuthelo sesithando somlilo sinokuvulwa ukuze kube lula ukufaka ii-crucibles, i-crystallizers, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. Ingxenye engaphezulu yesigqubuthelo sesithando somlilo ixhotywe ngefestile yokujonga, enokubona imeko yezinto ezibunjiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilika. I-electrode ye-electrode flange kunye ne-vacuum pipeline flange zicwangciswe ngokulinganayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama kumbindi wesithando somlilo ukwazisa i-electrode ye-intduction joint kunye nokuyidibanisa nesixhobo sokufutha. Isitya esisezantsi sesithando somlilo sixhotyiswe ngesakhelo senkxaso ye-crucible, ekwasebenza njengemfumba esisigxina ukulungisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo ye-crystallizer, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgodi ophakathi we-crystallizer ugxininise kunye nomjelo otywiniweyo kwisitya esisezantsi somlilo. Ngaphandle koko, intonga ye-crystallization yesikhokelo ayiyi kukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-crystallizer ngokusebenzisa umjelo otywiniweyo. Kukho amakhonkco amathathu apholileyo ngamanzi kwisakhelo senkxaso, ehambelana nendawo ephezulu, ephakathi, kunye nangaphantsi kwe-crystallizer. Ngokulawula izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa, ukushisa kwendawo nganye ye-crystallizer kunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kukho ii-thermocouples ezine kwisakhelo sokuxhasa, ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu beendawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi, kunye nezisezantsi ze-crucible kunye ne-crystallizer, ngokulandelanayo. I-interface phakathi kwe-thermocouple kunye nangaphandle kwesithando somlilo ibekwe kumgangatho wesithando somlilo. Isitya sokukhupha singafakwa phantsi kwesakhelo sokuxhasa ukukhusela ukushisa okunyibilikayo ukuba kuphume ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cleaner kwaye kubangele umonakalo kumzimba wesithando somlilo. Kukwakho negumbi lokufunxa elirhabaxa elinokususwa kumbindi womgangatho weziko. Ngaphantsi kwegumbi lokucoca elirhabaxa kukho igumbi leglasi yendalo, apho i-antioxidants inokongezwa khona ukuphucula ukutywinwa kwe-vacuum ye-filaments. Esi sixhobo sinokufikelela kwisiphumo se-antioxidant kumphezulu weentonga zobhedu ngokongeza i-antioxidants kwi-organic glass cavity.

2. I-Crucible kunye neCrystallizer:I-crucible kunye ne-crystallizer yenziwe nge-graphite ephezulu. I-bottom of the crucible is conical kwaye ixhunywe kwi-crystallizer ngokusebenzisa imicu.

3. Inkqubo yokufunxa

4. Umzobo kunye nendlela yokujija:Ukuphoswa ngokuqhubekayo kweentsimbi zobhedu kubandakanya amavili esikhokelo, iintambo zocingo ezichanekileyo, izikhokelo zemigca, kunye neendlela zokujija. Ivili elikhokelayo lidlala indima yokukhokela kunye nokubeka indawo, kwaye xa intonga yobhedu ikhutshwe eziko, iqala ukudlula kwivili lesikhokelo. Intonga ye-crystal yesikhokelo igxininiswe kwi-screw echanekileyo kunye nesixhobo sesikhokelo somgca. Okokuqala, intonga yobhedu itsalwa ngaphandle (itsalwe ngaphambili) kumzimba wesithando somlilo ngokusebenzisa intshukumo yomgca wentonga yesikhokelo secrystallization. Xa intonga yobhedu idlula kwivili lesikhokelo kwaye inobude obuthile, inokunqumla ukudibanisa kunye nentonga ye-crystal guide. Emva koko uyilungise kumatshini ojikelezayo kwaye uqhubeke nokutsala intonga yobhedu ngokujikeleza komatshini ojikelezayo. I-servo motor ilawula umgca wokuhamba kunye nokujikeleza komatshini ojikelezayo, onokulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya esiqhubekayo sokuphosa intonga yobhedu.

5. I-ultrasonic power supply yenkqubo yamandla ithatha i-IGBT yaseJamani, enomsindo ophantsi kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. Iqula lisebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ubushushu ukufudumeza okucwangcisiweyo. Uyilo lwenkqubo yombane

Kukho i-overcurrent, i-overvoltage feedback, kunye neesekethe zokukhusela.

6. Inkqubo yokulawula:Esi sixhobo samkela inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo isikrini esichukumisayo, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokubeka iliso, ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukushisa kwesithando somlilo kunye ne-crystallizer, ukufezekisa iimeko ezizinzileyo zexesha elide ezifunekayo kwi-copper rod casting ngokuqhubekayo; Amanyathelo okukhusela amaninzi anokuthathwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokubeka iliso, ezifana nokuvuza kwezinto ezibangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu kwesithando somlilo, i-vacuum enganeleyo, uxinzelelo okanye ukunqongophala kwamanzi. Isixhobo kulula ukusebenza kwaye iiparitha eziphambili zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Kukho ubushushu besithando somlilo, phezulu, phakathi, kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi ecrystallizer, isantya sangaphambi kokutsala, kunye nesantya sokutsalwa yikristale.

Kwaye amaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-alamu. Emva kokumisela iiparitha ezahlukeneyo, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa intonga yobhedu eqhubekayo, ngokude nje ukhuseleko luqinisekisiwe.

Beka intonga ye-crystallization yesikhokelo, ubeke izinto eziluhlaza, uvale umnyango wesithando somlilo, unqumle uxhulumaniso phakathi kwentonga yobhedu kunye nentonga yesikhokelo se-crystallization, kwaye uyidibanise kumatshini wokuvala.

3,Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphonswa kwe-vacuum ephezulu kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo

(1）Ukuvelisa iingots zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo

1.Ukucoceka okuphezulu

Ukunyibilika kunye nokuphoswa ngokuqhubekayo kwindawo ephezulu yevacuum kunokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo ukungcoliswa komoya kunye nobunye ukungcola, ngaloo ndlela kuvelise i-ingots zensimbi ezixabisekileyo. Oku kubalulekile kumashishini afana ne-electronics, i-aerospace, kunye nokhathalelo lwezempilo olufuna ukucoceka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-electronics, iintsimbi ezinqabileyo eziphakamileyo ezifana negolide kunye nesilivere zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iisekethe ezidibeneyo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, njl.

2.Ukufana

Isixhobo esishukumisayo kunye nenkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphosa kwisixhobo sinokuqinisekisa ukufana kokubunjwa kwesinyithi esinqabileyo esinyibilikayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, ukuphepha iziphene ezifana nokuhlukana. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukufana okuphezulu kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nokuveliswa kwesixhobo esichanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwezacholo.

Ngokomzekelo, ekuqhubeni ubucwebe, izinto ezifanayo zetsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinokuqinisekisa umbala ohambelanayo kunye nokuthungwa kwezinto zobucwebe, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso.

3.Umgangatho omhle womphezulu

Umphezulu wee-ingots eziveliswa yi-vacuum ephezulu yezixhobo eziqhubekayo zokuphosa zigudileyo, ngaphandle kwama-pores okanye inclusions, kwaye inomgangatho omhle womphezulu. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela umthwalo wokusebenza okulandelayo, kodwa nokuphucula umgangatho wembonakalo kunye nokukhuphisana kwemarike yemveliso.

Umzekelo, kwimveliso ephezulu, izinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezinomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezichanekileyo, imihombiso, njl. njl., ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zabathengi malunga nokubonakala kwemveliso kunye nokusebenza.

(2）Ukuphuhlisa imathiriyeli entsha yentsimbi exabisekileyo

1.Lawula ngokuchanekileyo ukubunjwa kunye nesakhiwo

Vacuum eliphezulu oluqhubekayo ukugalelwa izixhobo zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukubunjwa kunye nobushushu inyibilika metal exabisekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ukuphumeza ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu ukubunjwa kunye nesakhiwo ingot. Oku kubonelela ngeendlela ezinamandla zokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha zentsimbi enqabileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngokongeza izinto ezithile zokudibanisa kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, iimpawu zabo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zingatshintshwa, ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezintsha ezineepropathi ezikhethekileyo ezifana namandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion, kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu.

2.Ukulinganisa inkqubo yokuphosa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo

Isixhobo sinokulinganisa iimeko ezingqongileyo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngoxinzelelo olwahlukileyo, amaqondo obushushu, kunye neatmosphere ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha yokuphosa kunye notshintsho lokusebenza kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwezi ndawo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izinto ezixabisekileyo zetsimbi ezinokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza.

Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-aerospace, izinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kufuneka zisebenze kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nemitha ephezulu. Ngokulinganisa le mimandla yokuphosa imifuniselo, izixhobo ezitsha ezinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo zinokuphuhliswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini le-aerospace.

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