Iindaba

Kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso neyetekhnoloji yanamhlanje, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeempawu zazo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezizodwa. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zezinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, kuye kwavela izixhobo zokusika eziqhubekayo ze-vacuum ephezulu zeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Ezi zixhobo ziphambili zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-vacuum ephezulu ukuphosa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwindawo elawulwa ngokungqongqo, ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu, ukufana, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngentshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwi-highizixhobo zokuphosa eziqhubekayo zokucoca nge-vacuumkwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

izixhobo zokuphosa eziqhubekayo zokucoca nge-vacuum

1、Isishwankathelo seZixhobo zokuCoca eziQhubekayo zeVacuum eziPhakamileyo zeeMetals ezixabisekileyo

Ukwakheka kwezixhobo

1. Inkqubo yokufunxa umoya

Ipompo ye-vacuum ephezulu: Ngokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yepompo yoomatshini, ipompo yokusasazwa, okanye ipompo yemolekyuli ukufikelela kwindawo ye-vacuum ephezulu. Ezi pumps zinokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, zisuse ukuphazamiseka komoya kunye nokunye ukungcola.

Iivalvu zomoya kunye nemibhobho: zisetyenziselwa ukulawula inqanaba lomoya kunye nokuhamba kwegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yomoya.

I-vacuum gauge: ijonga inqanaba le-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesixhobo kwaye inika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko ye-vacuum kubaqhubi.

2. Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa

Isixhobo sokufudumeza: Sinokuba kukufudumeza ngokungenisa, ukufudumeza ngokumelana, okanye ukufudumeza nge-arc, kwaye sinokufudumeza iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zide zibe kwimeko enyibilikisiweyo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza zineempawu zazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo, kwaye zinokukhethwa ngokohlobo lwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo.

I-Crucible: Isetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto ezinyibilikayo zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo, ezidla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezimelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokugqwala, ezifana ne-graphite, i-ceramics, okanye ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo.

Isixhobo sokuxubha: Ukuxubha okunyibilikileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika ukuqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka kunye nobushushu obufanayo.

3. Inkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo

I-Crystallizer: Yinto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo, emisela ubume kunye nobukhulu be-ingot. Ii-crystallizer zihlala zenziwe ngobhedu okanye ezinye izinto ezinomoya ofudumeleyo, kwaye zipholiswa ngaphakathi ngamanzi ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuqina kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezinyibilikayo.

Isixhobo sokwazisa i-Ingot: Khupha i-ingot eqinileyo kwi-crystallizer ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo.

Isixhobo sokutsala: silawula isantya sokutsala kwe-ingot, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-ingot.

4. Inkqubo yoLawulo

Inkqubo yolawulo lombane: Ulawulo lombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo, kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo efana namandla okufudumeza, ukusebenza kwepompo ye-vacuum, kunye nesantya sokutsala i-billet.

Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo: Ingafezekisa ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wemveliso. Ngeenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo, inkqubo yolawulo inokugqibezela ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo ezifana nokunyibilika kunye nokukhupha okuqhubekayo, kwaye ijonge kwaye ilungise iiparameter ezahlukeneyo ngexesha langempela.

2、Inkcazo ephambili yesakhiwo

1. Umzimba wesithando somlilo: Umzimba wesithando somlilo usebenzisa isakhiwo esithe nkqo esipholisiweyo ngamanzi esinamaleko amabini. Isigqubuthelo sesithando somlilo singavulwa ukuze kube lula ukufaka izinto ezinyibilikayo, izinto ezinyibilikayo, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. Inxalenye ephezulu yesigqubuthelo sesithando somlilo ixhotyiswe ngefestile yokujonga, enokubona imeko yezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika. I-induction electrode flange kunye ne-vacuum pipeline flange zilungelelaniswe ngokulinganayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama phakathi komzimba wesithando somlilo ukuze kungeniswe i-induction electrode joint kwaye iqhagamshele nesixhobo sokucoca. Ipleyiti esezantsi yesithando somlilo ixhotyiswe ngesakhelo sokuxhasa isithando somlilo, esikwasebenza njengenqwaba ezinzileyo yokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo yesithando somlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umngxuma ophakathi wesithando somlilo ugxile kumjelo ovaliweyo kwipleyiti esezantsi yesithando somlilo. Ngaphandle koko, intonga yesikhokelo sekristali ayiyi kukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo ngomjelo ovaliweyo. Kukho amakhonkco amathathu apholisiweyo ngamanzi kwisakhelo sokuxhasa, ahambelana neendawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi zesithando somlilo somlilo. Ngokulawula izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa, ubushushu benxalenye nganye yesithando somlilo bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kukho ii-thermocouples ezine kwisakhelo sokuxhasa, ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu beendawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi ze-crucible kunye ne-crystallizer, ngokulandelelana. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-thermocouple kunye nomphandle wesithando lukwisithando somlilo. Isitya sokukhupha singabekwa ezantsi kwesithando sokuxhasa ukuthintela ubushushu obunyibilikayo ukuba bungahambi ngqo buvela kwisicoci kwaye bubangele umonakalo emzimbeni wesithando somlilo. Kukwakho negumbi elincinci le-vacuum elirhabaxa elinokususwa embindini wesithando somlilo. Ngaphantsi kwegumbi le-vacuum elirhabaxa kukho igumbi leglasi le-organic, apho ii-antioxidants zinokongezwa khona ukuphucula ukuvalwa kwe-vacuum ye-filaments. Ezi zinto zinokufezekisa impembelelo ye-antioxidant kumphezulu weentonga zobhedu ngokongeza ii-antioxidants kwi-organic glass cavity.

2. I-Crucible kunye ne-Crystallizer:I-crucible kunye ne-crystallizer zenziwe nge-graphite ecocekileyo kakhulu. Izantsi le-crucible likhonkrithi kwaye liqhagamshelwe kwi-crystallizer ngeentambo.

3. Inkqubo yokufunxa umoya

4. Indlela yokuzoba kunye nokujika:Ukuphoswa okuqhubekayo kweebhari zobhedu kuqulethwe ngamavili esikhokelo, iintonga zocingo oluchanekileyo, izikhokelo ezithe ngqo, kunye neendlela zokujika. Ivili lesikhokelo lidlala indima yokukhokela kunye nokubeka indawo, kwaye xa intonga yobhedu ikhutshwa esithandweni, iqala idlule kwivili lesikhokelo. Intonga yesikhokelo sekristale inamathele kwisikrufu esichanekileyo kunye nesixhobo sesikhokelo esithe ngqo. Okokuqala, intonga yobhedu itsalwa (ngaphambi kokutsalwa) emzimbeni wesithando ngokuhamba okuthe ngqo kwentonga yesikhokelo sekristale. Xa intonga yobhedu idlula kwivili lesikhokelo kwaye inobude obuthile, inokunqumla uqhagamshelo nentonga yesikhokelo sekristale. Emva koko yilungise kumatshini wokujika kwaye uqhubeke nokutsala intonga yobhedu ngokujikeleza komatshini wokujika. I-servo motor ilawula ukuhamba okuthe ngqo kunye nokujikeleza komatshini wokujika, onokulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya sokujika esiqhubekayo sentonga yobhedu.

5. Umbane we-ultrasonic wenkqubo yombane usebenzisa i-German IGBT, enengxolo ephantsi kwaye igcina amandla. Umthombo usebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ubushushu ukufudumeza okucwangcisiweyo. Uyilo lwenkqubo yombane

Kukho i-overcurrent, i-overvoltage feedback, kunye neesekethe zokukhusela.

6. Inkqubo yoLawulo:Esi sixhobo samkela inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo ngesikrini sokuchukumisa, esinezixhobo ezininzi zokubeka esweni, ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu besithando kunye nekristalizer, ukufezekisa iimeko ezizinzileyo zexesha elide ezifunekayo kwi-copper rod constant casting; Amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela anokuthathwa ngezixhobo zokubeka esweni, njengokuvuza kwezinto okubangelwa bubushushu obuphezulu besithando, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-vacuum, uxinzelelo okanye ukunqongophala kwamanzi. Isixhobo kulula ukusisebenzisa kwaye iiparameter eziphambili zimiselwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Kukho ubushushu besithando, obuphezulu, obuphakathi, nobuphantsi be-crystallizer, isantya sokutsala ngaphambi kokutsala, kunye nesantya sokutsala ukukhula kwe-crystal.

Kwaye amaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-alamu. Emva kokuseta iiparameter ezahlukeneyo, kwinkqubo yemveliso yentonga yobhedu eqhubekayo, lo gama nje ukhuseleko luqinisekisiwe.

Beka intonga yesikhokelo sekristale, beka izinto eziluhlaza, vala ucango lwesithando somlilo, nqumla unxibelelwano phakathi kwentonga yobhedu kunye nentonga yesikhokelo sekristale, uze uyiqhagamshele kumatshini wokujija.

3、Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphosa eziqhubekayo ezine-vacuum ephezulu kwisinyithi esixabisekileyo

(IsiNgesi)1）Velisa ii-ingots zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu

1. Ubunyulu obuphezulu

Ukunyibilikisa nokuphoswa rhoqo kwindawo ene-vacuum ephezulu kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungcoliswa ngumoya nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuvelise ii-ingots zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo nezicocekileyo kakhulu. Oku kubalulekile kumashishini afana ne-elektroniki, i-aerospace, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo olufuna ubumsulwa obuphezulu kakhulu bezinto zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo.

Umzekelo, kwishishini le-elektroniki, izinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezifana negolide nesilivere zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iisekethe ezidibeneyo, izinto ze-elektroniki, njl. Ukubakho kokungcola kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo.

2. Ukufana

Isixhobo sokuxubha kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo kwizixhobo zinokuqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo esinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina, kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana nokwahlulwahlulwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukufana okuphezulu kweempawu zezinto, njengokwenziwa kwezixhobo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwezihombo.

Umzekelo, ekucubungulweni kwezinto zobucwebe, izinto zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezifanayo zinokuqinisekisa ukuba umbala kunye nobume obufanayo bezinto zobucwebe, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho kunye nexabiso lemveliso.

3.Umgangatho olungileyo womphezulu

Umphezulu wee-ingots eziveliswa zizixhobo eziphezulu zokuphosa eziqhubekayo ze-vacuum uthambile, awunazo iimbobo okanye izinto ezifakiweyo, kwaye unomgangatho olungileyo womphezulu. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela umthwalo womsebenzi wokucubungula okulandelayo, kodwa kukwaphucula umgangatho wembonakalo kunye nokukhuphisana kwemarike kwemveliso.

Umzekelo, kwimveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezinomgangatho olungileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezichanekileyo, imihombiso, njl.njl., ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zabathengi zembonakalo yemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwayo.

(IsiNgesi)2）Ukuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo

1. Lawula ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kunye nesakhiwo

Izixhobo zokusika eziqhubekayo ze-vacuum eziphezulu zeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kunye nobushushu besinyithi esixabisekileyo esinyibilikayo, ngaloo ndlela zifezekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-ingot. Oku kubonelela ngeendlela ezinamandla zophuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo.

Umzekelo, ngokongeza izinto ezithile zokudibanisa kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, iimpawu zazo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zinokutshintshwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezintsha ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kunye nokuqhuba okuphezulu kombane.

2. Lingisa inkqubo yokuphosa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo

Izixhobo zinokulinganisa iindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana noxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo, amaqondo obushushu, kunye neemeko-bume ukuze kufundwe indlela yokuziphatha yokubumba kunye notshintsho ekusebenzeni kwezi zinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwezi ndawo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezinokuzivumelanisa neemeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo.

Umzekelo, kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, izinto zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo kufuneka zisebenze kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nemitha ephezulu. Ngokulinganisa ezi ndawo zokuvavanya, izinto ezintsha ezisebenza kakuhle zinokuphuhliswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoshishino lweenqwelo-moya.

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