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Ukunyibilika kweVacuum Induction
Ivacuum casting (i-vacuum induction melting – VIM) yaphuhliselwa ukusetyenzwa kwealloyi ezikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga, kwaye ngenxa yoko iya iyinto eqhelekileyo njengoko ezi mathiriyeli zisanda kusetyenziswa. I-VIM yaphuhliswa ukuba inyibilike kwaye ikhuphe i-superalloys kunye nentsimbi ephezulu, ezininzi zazo zifuna ukulungiswa kwe-vacuum ngenxa yokuba ziqulethe izinto eziphikisayo kunye ne-reactive ezifana ne-Ti, Nb kunye ne-Al. Ingasetyenziselwa iintsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye iintsimbi xa kufunwa ukunyibilika komgangatho ophezulu.

Njengoko igama libonisa, inkqubo ibandakanya ukunyibilika kwesinyithi phantsi kweemeko zevacuum. I-electromagnetic induction isetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Ukunyibilika kwe-induction kusebenza ngokubangela imisinga yombane yeeddy kwintsimbi. Umthombo yikhoyili ye-induction, ephethe i-alternating current. I-eddy currents iyatshisa kwaye ekugqibeleni iyanyibilika intlawulo.

Isithando somlilo siqukethe i-air-air, ijacket yensimbi epholile ngamanzi ekwazi ukumelana ne-vacuum efunekayo yokucubungula. Isinyithi siyancibilika kwi-crucible egcinwe kwi-coil induction induction coil, kwaye isithando somlilo ngokuqhelekileyo sifakwe kwii-refractories ezifanelekileyo.

Izinyithi kunye ne-alloys ezinobudlelwane obuphezulu begesi - ngakumbi i-nitrogen kunye ne-oxygen - zihlala zinyibilika / zicocwe kwii-vacuum induction furnaces ukukhusela ukungcoliseka / ukusabela kwezi gesi. Inkqubo ke ngoko isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwezinto ezicoceke kakhulu okanye izixhobo ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kukwakheka kweekhemikhali.

Umbuzo: Kutheni kusetyenziswa ukunyibilika kwevacuum?

A: Ukunyibilika kwevacuum nge-vacuum kwaphuhliselwa ekuqaleni ukusetyenzwa kwe-alloys ezikhethekileyo kunye nezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngenxa yoko kuya kuxhaphaka njengoko ezi mathiriyeli ziphezulu zisiya zisebenza. Ngelixa yaphuhliswa kwizinto ezifana ne-superalloys, ingasetyenziselwa iintsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye iintsimbi.
Wenza njani ai-vacuum induction ezikoumsebenzi?
Izinto eziphathekayo zihlawuliswa kwi-furnace ye-induction phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye amandla asetyenziswa ukunyibilikisa intlawulo. Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zenziwa ukuzisa umthamo wentsimbi engamanzi kumthamo ofunekayo wokunyibilika. Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sisulungekiswa phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye i-chemistry ihlengahlengiswe de i-chemistry enyibilikayo echanekileyo ifezekisiwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwintsimbi kwindawo efunxayo?
Ngokukodwa, iintsimbi ezininzi zenza umaleko we-oxide kuyo nayiphi na indawo evezwe emoyeni. Oku kusebenza njengekhaka lokuthintela ukuhlangana. Kwivacuum yendawo, akukho moya ukuze iintsimbi zingenzi umaleko wokhuselo.

Izinto eziluncedo zeVIM Melting
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo ye-metallurgical, amanqanaba e-vacuum ngexesha lesigaba sokucoca akuluhlu lwe-10-1 ukuya kwi-10-4 mbar. Ezinye zezibonelelo ze-metallurgical zokusetyenzwa kwevacuum zezi:
Ukunyibilika phantsi kwe-oxygen-free-atmosphere kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-non-metallic oxide inclusions kunye nokuthintela i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo.
Impumelelo yokunyamezelana okusondele kakhulu kunye nemixholo yegesi
Ukususwa kwezinto zomkhondo ezingafunekiyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga
Ukususwa kweegesi ezinyibilikayo - ioksijini, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen
Ukulungelelaniswa kokubunjwa kwe-alloy echanekileyo kunye ne-homogeneous kunye nobushushu obunyibilikayo
Ukunyibilika kwi-vacuum kuphelisa isidingo sokukhusela i-slag cover kwaye kunciphisa amandla okungcoliseka kwe-slag ngengozi okanye ukufakwa kwi-ingot
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imisebenzi ye-metallurgical efana ne-dephosphorization kunye ne-desulphurization ilinganiselwe. I-metallurgy ye-VIM ijolise ikakhulu kwiimpendulo ezixhomekeke kuxinzelelo, njengokusabela kwekhabhoni, ioksijini, initrogen kunye nehydrogen. Ukususwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, eziguquguqukayo zokulandela umkhondo, njenge-antimony, i-tellurium, i-selenium kunye ne-bismuth, kwi-vacuum induction furnaces kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokusabela okuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwekhabhoni engaphezulu ukugqiba i-deoxidation ngumzekelo nje omnye wenkqubo eguquguqukayo usebenzisa inkqubo ye-VIM yokuvelisa i-superalloys. Izixhobo ezingezizo ii-superalloys zi-decarburized, desulfurized or selectively distilled kwi-vacuum induction furnaces ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenkcukacha kunye nokuqinisekisa iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomoya ophezulu wezinto ezininzi ezingafunekiyo zokulandela umkhondo, zinokuncitshiswa ziye kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation ngexesha lokunyibilika kwe-vacuum induction, ngakumbi kwiialloys ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza. Kwii-alloys ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho, i-vacuum induction furnace yeyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokunyibilikisa.

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokudityaniswa ngokulula kunye nenkqubo ye-VIM ukuvelisa ukunyibilika okucocekileyo:
Ulawulo lwe-atmosphere ngokuvuza okuphantsi kunye namazinga okuncipha
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezizinzile ngakumbi ezinqandayo kwi-crucible lining
Ukuvuselela kunye ne-homogenization ngokuvuselela i-electromagnetic okanye ukucoca igesi
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu ukunciphisa ukusabela kwi-crucible kunye nokunyibilika
I-deslagging efanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokucoca ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa
Ukusetyenziswa kwesihlamba esifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule be-tundish ukwenzela ukususwa okungcono kwe-oxide.