Iindaba

Ukunyibilika kweVacuum Induction
Ukunyibilikisa i-vacuum (i-vacuum induction melting – VIM) kwaphuhliswa ukuze kusetyenzwe ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga, kwaye ngenxa yoko kuyanda njengoko ezi zinto ziphambili zisetyenziswa ngakumbi. I-VIM yaphuhliswa ukuze inyibilikise kwaye ifake ii-superalloys kunye neentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, uninzi lwazo ezifuna ukucutshungulwa kwe-vacuum kuba ziqulathe izinto ezingafunekiyo nezisabelayo ezifana ne-Ti, Nb kunye ne-Al. Ingasetyenziselwa neentsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye iintsimbi xa kufuneka ukunyibilikisa kokuqala okusemgangathweni ophezulu.

Njengoko igama lisitsho, le nkqubo ibandakanya ukunyibilika kwesinyithi phantsi kweemeko zomoya. Ukufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic kusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Ukunyibilika kwe-induction kusebenza ngokubangela imisinga yombane ye-eddy kwisinyithi. Umthombo yi-induction coil, ephethe umsinga otshintshanayo. Imisinga ye-eddy iyafudumeza ize ekugqibeleni inyibilikise umbane.

Isithando somlilo sinejakethi yentsimbi engangeni moya, epholiswe ngamanzi ekwaziyo ukumelana ne-vacuum efunekayo yokucubungula. Isinyithi sinyibilikiswa kwisikhuni esifakwe kwi-induction coil epholiswe ngamanzi, kwaye isithando somlilo sihlala sigcwele izinto ezifanelekileyo zokusila.

Iintsimbi kunye nee-alloys ezinomdla ophezulu kwiigesi – ngakumbi i-nitrogen kunye ne-oxygen – zihlala zinyibilikiswa/zicocwa kwii-vacuum induction ovenments ukuthintela ungcoliseko/ukusabela kwezi gesi. Le nkqubo ke ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu okanye izinto ezinokumelana okuqinileyo nokwakheka kweekhemikhali.

Q: Kutheni kusetyenziswa ukunyibilikisa i-vacuum induction?

A: Ukunyibilika kwe-vacuum induction ekuqaleni kwaphuhliswa ukuze kusetyenzwe ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngenxa yoko kuqheleka ngakumbi njengoko ezi zinto ziphambili zisetyenziswa ngakumbi. Nangona yaphuhliswa kwizixhobo ezifana nee-superalloys, ingasetyenziselwa neentsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye izinyithi.
Iyenza njani iisithando sokungenisa umoyaumsebenzi?
Izinto zitshajwa kwi-induction oven phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye umbane usetyenziswa ukunyibilikisa itshaja. Iitshaja ezongezelelweyo zenziwa ukuze kuthathwe umthamo wesinyithi esilulwelo ukuya kumthamo ofunekayo wokunyibilika. Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siyacocwa phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye ikhemikhali ilungiswe de kufikelelwe kwi-metaboli echanekileyo yokunyibilika.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwisinyithi kwi-vacuum?
Ngokukodwa, uninzi lweentsimbi zenza umaleko we-oxide kuyo nayiphi na indawo evezwe emoyeni. Oku kusebenza njengekhaka lokuthintela ukudibana. Kwisithuba esingenanto, akukho moya ngoko ke iintsimbi aziyi kwenza umaleko okhuselayo.

Iingenelo ze-VIM Melting
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo ye-metallurgical, amanqanaba e-vacuum ngexesha lesigaba sokucocwa aphakathi kwe-10-1 ukuya kwi-10-4 mbar. Ezinye zeenzuzo ze-metallurgical zokucubungula i-vacuum zezi:
Ukunyibilika phantsi komoya ongenaoksijini kuthintela ukwakheka kwezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi ezibangela i-oxide kwaye kuthintela i-oxidation yezinto ezisabelayo
Ukufezekiswa kokunyamezelana okusondelelene kakhulu kokwakheka kunye nomxholo wegesi
Ukususwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga
Ukususwa kweegesi ezinyibilikisiweyo – ioksijini, ihydrogen, initrogen
Uhlengahlengiso lolwakhiwo lwe-alloy oluchanekileyo nolufanayo kunye nobushushu bokunyibilika
Ukunyibilika kwi-vacuum cleaner kususa imfuneko yesigqubuthelo se-slag esikhuselayo kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okungcoliswa kwe-slag ngengozi okanye ukufakwa kwi-ingot.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imisebenzi ye-metallurgical efana ne-dephosphorization kunye ne-desulphurization ilinganiselwe. I-VIM metallurgy ijolise ikakhulu kwiimpendulo ezixhomekeke kuxinzelelo, ezifana neempendulo zekhabhoni, ioksijini, initrogen kunye nehydrogen. Ukususwa kwezinto ezinobungozi neziguquguqukayo, ezifana ne-antimony, i-tellurium, i-selenium kunye ne-bismuth, kwii-vacuum induction furnaces kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo impendulo exhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwekhabhoni egqithisileyo ukuze kugqitywe i-deoxidation ngumzekelo omnye nje wokuguquguquka kwenkqubo kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeVIM ukuvelisa ii-superalloys. Izinto ezingezizo ii-superalloys ziyasuswa kwi-carburis, zisuswe kwi-sulfur okanye zinyibilikiswe ngokukhetha kwii-vacuum induction furnaces ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho kunye nokuqinisekisa iipropati zezinto. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga lwezona zinto zingafunekiyo, zinokuncitshiswa ziye kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ngokunyibilikisa ngexesha lokunyibilikisa i-vacuum induction, ngakumbi kwii-alloys ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza. Kwii-alloys ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho, i-vacuum induction furnace yeyona nkqubo yokunyibilikisa efanelekileyo.

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingadityaniswa ngokulula nenkqubo yeVIM ukuvelisa i-clean melts:
Ulawulo lomoya olunezinga eliphantsi lokuvuza nokuphuma kwamanzi
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziqinileyo nezinganyangekiyo zokufakelwa ilayini eqhotsiweyo
Ukuxuba kunye nokudibanisa ngegesi yokuxuba okanye yokucoca nge-electromagnetic
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpembelelo ezibangelwa kukunyibilika
Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokususa inkunkuma kunye nokucoca ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha
Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela efanelekileyo yokuhlamba impahla kunye nendlela yokucoca impahla ukuze kususwe i-oxide engcono.