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Ukunyibilika kweVacuum Induction
Ivacuum casting (i-vacuum induction melting – VIM) yaphuhliselwa ukusetyenzwa kwealloyi ezikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga, kwaye ngenxa yoko iya iyinto eqhelekileyo njengoko ezi mathiriyeli zisanda kusetyenziswa.I-VIM yaphuhliswa ukuba inyibilike kwaye ikhuphe i-superalloys kunye nentsimbi ephezulu, ezininzi zazo zifuna ukulungiswa kwe-vacuum ngenxa yokuba ziqulethe izinto eziphikisayo kunye ne-reactive ezifana ne-Ti, Nb kunye ne-Al.Ingasetyenziselwa iintsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye iintsimbi xa kufunwa ukunyibilika komgangatho ophezulu.

Njengoko igama libonisa, inkqubo ibandakanya ukunyibilika kwesinyithi phantsi kweemeko zevacuum.I-electromagnetic induction isetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokunyibilikisa isinyithi.Ukunyibilika kwe-induction kusebenza ngokubangela imisinga yombane eddy kwintsimbi.Umthombo yikhoyili ye-induction, ephethe i-alternating current.I-eddy currents iyatshisa kwaye ekugqibeleni iyanyibilika intlawulo.

Isithando somlilo siqukethe i-air-air, ijacket yensimbi epholile ngamanzi ekwazi ukumelana ne-vacuum efunekayo yokucubungula.Isinyithi siyancibilika kwi-crucible egcinwe kwi-coil induction induction coil, kwaye isithando somlilo ngokuqhelekileyo sifakwe kwii-refractories ezifanelekileyo.

Izinyithi kunye ne-alloys ezinobudlelwane obuphezulu begesi - ngakumbi i-nitrogen kunye ne-oxygen - zihlala zinyibilika / zicocwe kwii-vacuum induction furnaces ukukhusela ukungcoliseka / ukusabela kwezi gesi.Inkqubo ke ngoko isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwezinto ezicoceke kakhulu okanye izixhobo ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kukwakheka kweekhemikhali.

Umbuzo: Kutheni kusetyenziswa ukunyibilika kwevacuum?

A: Ukunyibilika kwevacuum nge-vacuum kwaphuhliswa ekuqaleni ukusetyenzwa kwe-alloys ezikhethekileyo kunye nezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngenxa yoko kuya kuxhaphaka njengoko ezi mathiriyeli ziphezulu zisiya zisebenza.Ngelixa yaphuhliswa kwizinto ezifana ne-superalloys, ingasetyenziselwa iintsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinye iintsimbi.
Wenza njani ai-vacuum induction ezikoumsebenzi?
Izinto eziphathekayo zihlawuliswa kwi-furnace ye-induction phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye amandla asetyenziswa ukunyibilikisa intlawulo.Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zenziwa ukuzisa umthamo wentsimbi engamanzi kumthamo ofunekayo wokunyibilika.Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sisulungekiswa phantsi kwe-vacuum kwaye i-chemistry ihlengahlengiswe de i-chemistry enyibilikayo echanekileyo ifezekisiwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwintsimbi kwindawo efunxayo?
Ngokukodwa, iintsimbi ezininzi zenza umaleko we-oxide kuyo nayiphi na indawo evezwe emoyeni.Oku kusebenza njengekhaka lokuthintela ukuhlangana.Kwivacuum yendawo, akukho moya ukuze iintsimbi zingenzi umaleko wokhuselo.

Izinto eziluncedo zeVIM Melting
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo ye-metallurgical, amanqanaba e-vacuum ngexesha lesigaba sokucoca akuluhlu lwe-10-1 ukuya kwi-10-4 mbar.Ezinye zezibonelelo ze-metallurgical zokusetyenzwa kwevacuum zezi:
Ukunyibilika phantsi kwe-oxygen-free-atmosphere kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-non-metallic oxide inclusions kunye nokuthintela i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo.
Impumelelo yokunyamezelana okusondele kakhulu kunye nemixholo yegesi
Ukususwa kwezinto zomkhondo ezingafunekiyo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga
Ukususwa kweegesi ezinyibilikayo - ioksijini, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen
Ukulungelelaniswa kokubunjwa kwe-alloy echanekileyo kunye ne-homogeneous kunye nobushushu obunyibilikayo
Ukunyibilika kwi-vacuum kuphelisa isidingo sokukhusela i-slag cover kwaye kunciphisa amandla okungcoliseka kwe-slag ngengozi okanye ukufakwa kwi-ingot
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imisebenzi ye-metallurgical efana ne-dephosphorization kunye ne-desulphurization ilinganiselwe.I-metallurgy ye-VIM ijolise ikakhulu kwiimpendulo ezixhomekeke kuxinzelelo, njengokusabela kwekhabhoni, ioksijini, initrogen kunye nehydrogen.Ukususwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, eziguquguqukayo zokulandela umkhondo, njenge-antimony, i-tellurium, i-selenium kunye ne-bismuth, kwi-vacuum induction furnaces kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-reaction exhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwekhabhoni engaphezulu ukugqiba i-deoxidation ngumzekelo nje omnye wenkqubo eguquguqukayo usebenzisa inkqubo ye-VIM yokuvelisa i-superalloys.Izixhobo ezingezizo ii-superalloys zenziwa i-decarburized, desulfurized or selectively distilled in vacuum induction furnaces ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo kunye nokuqinisekisa iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo.Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomphunga ophezulu wezinto ezininzi ezingafunekiyo zokulandela umkhondo, zinokuncitshiswa ziye kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation ngexesha lokunyibilika kwe-vacuum induction, ngakumbi kwi-alloys enamandla kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza.Kwii-alloys ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho, i-vacuum induction furnace yeyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokunyibilikisa.

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokudityaniswa ngokulula kunye nenkqubo ye-VIM ukuvelisa ukunyibilika okucocekileyo:
Ulawulo lwe-atmosphere ngokuvuza okuphantsi kunye namazinga okuncipha
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezizinzileyo ezizinzile kwi-crucible lining
Ukuvuselela kunye ne-homogenization ngokuvuselela i-electromagnetic okanye ukucoca igesi
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu ukunciphisa ukusabela kwi-crucible kunye nokunyibilika
I-deslagging efanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokucoca ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa
Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela efanelekileyo yokuhlamba impahla kunye ne-tundish yokususwa okungcono kwe-oxide.